{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941815663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910148","title":"How Course, Contextual, and Technological Challenges are Associated With Instructors\u2019 Individual Challenges to Successfully Implement E-Learning: A Developing Country Perspective","display_name":"How Course, Contextual, and Technological Challenges are Associated With Instructors\u2019 Individual Challenges to Successfully Implement E-Learning: A Developing Country Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941815663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910148","mag":"2941815663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2910148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910148","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685091.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685091.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037270788","display_name":"Hanan Aldowah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-2389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanan Aldowah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-2389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011362768","display_name":"Hosam Al\u2010Samarraie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-8989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosam Al-Samarraie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066407516","display_name":"Samar Ghazal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samar Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037270788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":16.3608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99017011,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"48792","last_page":"48806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-country","display_name":"Developing country","score":0.7145130634307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6447582244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5615999102592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"E learning","score":0.5281527042388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5273845195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.4704125225543976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3840479850769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.36562037467956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.342718243598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3263997435569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.32061001658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3173457086086273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2998230457305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2913373112678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.188625305891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.113150954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10565018653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0774616003036499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.7145130634307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6447582244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5615999102592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984567223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"E learning","level":3,"score":0.5281527042388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5273845195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4704125225543976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3840479850769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.36562037467956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.342718243598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3263997435569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.32061001658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3173457086086273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2998230457305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2913373112678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.188625305891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.113150954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10565018653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0774616003036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2910148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910148","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685091.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ed15f76515a4b9b928f46f9e6b73557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ed15f76515a4b9b928f46f9e6b73557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 48792-48806 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2910148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910148","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685091.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941815663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941815663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25162715","https://openalex.org/W29773471","https://openalex.org/W109063271","https://openalex.org/W119818611","https://openalex.org/W865455819","https://openalex.org/W1204404493","https://openalex.org/W1518027177","https://openalex.org/W1553968032","https://openalex.org/W1600205575","https://openalex.org/W1774460361","https://openalex.org/W1867414364","https://openalex.org/W1871120870","https://openalex.org/W1920020304","https://openalex.org/W1944633256","https://openalex.org/W1955220388","https://openalex.org/W1964494461","https://openalex.org/W1984943529","https://openalex.org/W1987258130","https://openalex.org/W2000380427","https://openalex.org/W2010456449","https://openalex.org/W2019522918","https://openalex.org/W2024301119","https://openalex.org/W2027857088","https://openalex.org/W2029626066","https://openalex.org/W2039624063","https://openalex.org/W2058350183","https://openalex.org/W2066875429","https://openalex.org/W2073440262","https://openalex.org/W2075072883","https://openalex.org/W2078858299","https://openalex.org/W2088712636","https://openalex.org/W2090552208","https://openalex.org/W2096934344","https://openalex.org/W2097000295","https://openalex.org/W2101291401","https://openalex.org/W2105101657","https://openalex.org/W2112211769","https://openalex.org/W2116305749","https://openalex.org/W2119655337","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2132939664","https://openalex.org/W2133824527","https://openalex.org/W2136551854","https://openalex.org/W2148619150","https://openalex.org/W2159420797","https://openalex.org/W2164441776","https://openalex.org/W2165191280","https://openalex.org/W2168135982","https://openalex.org/W2169719852","https://openalex.org/W2171046385","https://openalex.org/W2172861773","https://openalex.org/W2182469563","https://openalex.org/W2182982261","https://openalex.org/W2189271405","https://openalex.org/W2221873571","https://openalex.org/W2245704924","https://openalex.org/W2285016219","https://openalex.org/W2343012892","https://openalex.org/W2494044124","https://openalex.org/W2509019740","https://openalex.org/W2521297441","https://openalex.org/W2530304608","https://openalex.org/W2553375056","https://openalex.org/W2555643811","https://openalex.org/W2607400607","https://openalex.org/W2620695187","https://openalex.org/W2622629675","https://openalex.org/W2726742088","https://openalex.org/W2734449943","https://openalex.org/W2758260764","https://openalex.org/W2788472250","https://openalex.org/W2788610251","https://openalex.org/W2791965684","https://openalex.org/W2794470702","https://openalex.org/W2805217035","https://openalex.org/W2886488832","https://openalex.org/W2886997878","https://openalex.org/W2890276154","https://openalex.org/W2895080465","https://openalex.org/W2903703319","https://openalex.org/W2908226288","https://openalex.org/W2913673543","https://openalex.org/W2984698377","https://openalex.org/W3015625506","https://openalex.org/W3110573808","https://openalex.org/W4234585515","https://openalex.org/W4297731447","https://openalex.org/W6601026924","https://openalex.org/W6601181270","https://openalex.org/W6604401997","https://openalex.org/W6623788471","https://openalex.org/W6633088347","https://openalex.org/W6637896986","https://openalex.org/W6640216763","https://openalex.org/W6675832754","https://openalex.org/W6676540275","https://openalex.org/W6677970735","https://openalex.org/W6679684716","https://openalex.org/W6679981625","https://openalex.org/W6685532199","https://openalex.org/W6686494867","https://openalex.org/W6687148130","https://openalex.org/W6689034459","https://openalex.org/W6691113295","https://openalex.org/W6728660028","https://openalex.org/W6737111780","https://openalex.org/W6754448064","https://openalex.org/W6757824670","https://openalex.org/W6770196362","https://openalex.org/W6775665930","https://openalex.org/W6842855189","https://openalex.org/W6990135403","https://openalex.org/W7067502722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W641279757","https://openalex.org/W370975646","https://openalex.org/W1670566515","https://openalex.org/W4242022592","https://openalex.org/W596972243","https://openalex.org/W2149537132","https://openalex.org/W4313230280","https://openalex.org/W69751022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"universities":[1,53],"and":[2,92,151,166,187],"colleges":[3],"in":[4,27,42,54,78,125,128],"developing":[5,56,79],"countries":[6],"around":[7],"the":[8,19,23,28,43,55,67,74,99,122,144,157,160,162,176,185],"world":[9],"have":[10,171],"started":[11],"using":[12,104],"e-learning":[13,77,105,127,180],"courses":[14],"to":[15,40,61,88,98,114,142,156,170],"keep":[16],"up":[17],"with":[18],"technological":[20],"revolution":[21],"of":[22,76,84,109,121,159,179],"higher":[24,38],"education":[25,39],"sector":[26],"developed":[29],"world.":[30],"E-learning":[31],"has":[32],"served":[33],"as":[34,58],"a":[35,129,172],"catalyst":[36],"for":[37,184],"expand":[41],"last":[44],"decade.":[45],"However,":[46],"there":[47],"are":[48,96],"still":[49],"many":[50],"challenges":[51,69,91,100,124],"facing":[52,101],"world,":[57],"they":[59,95],"attempt":[60],"implement":[62],"e-learning.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65,86],"investigated":[66],"main":[68,82,123],"that":[70],"could":[71],"significantly":[72],"impact":[73,174],"implementation":[75],"countries.":[80],"The":[81],"objective":[83],"this":[85],"was":[87,140],"identify":[89],"these":[90],"examine":[93],"how":[94],"related":[97,155],"instructors":[102,112],"when":[103],"systems.":[106,181],"A":[107,132],"total":[108],"107":[110],"university":[111,130],"responded":[113],"an":[115],"online":[116],"questionnaire":[117],"about":[118],"their":[119],"perceptions":[120],"implementing":[126],"context.":[131],"partial":[133],"least":[134],"squares":[135],"structural":[136],"equation":[137],"model":[138],"(PLS-SEM)":[139],"employed":[141],"test":[143],"relationships":[145],"between":[146],"certain":[147],"course,":[148,161],"contextual,":[149],"technological,":[150],"individual":[152],"challenges.":[153],"Challenges":[154],"design":[158],"support":[163],"provided,":[164],"societal/culture,":[165],"technology":[167],"were":[168,189],"found":[169],"significant":[173],"on":[175],"instructors'":[177],"use":[178],"Several":[182],"implications":[183],"policymakers":[186],"practitioners":[188],"discussed.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
