{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936074027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","title":"Probabilistic Power Flow Analysis of Bulk Power System for Practical Grid Planning Application","display_name":"Probabilistic Power Flow Analysis of Bulk Power System for Practical Grid Planning Application","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936074027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","mag":"2936074027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008138913","display_name":"Sungyoon Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-1304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungyoon Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-1304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062787398","display_name":"Changhee Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhee Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023636192","display_name":"Seungmin Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9806-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145808223","display_name":"Hanbat National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x514t95","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungmin Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002830427","display_name":"Minhan Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104306","display_name":"Tongmyong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01asa8g02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhan Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongmyong National University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-0072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongmyong National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056296601","display_name":"Gilsoo Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-8345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilsoo Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-8345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76921716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"45494","last_page":"45503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6679980158805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.628343939781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6034706830978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5325708985328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4878987967967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4711144268512726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4679875373840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.46026331186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4570503532886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.4426176846027374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26878392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1876583993434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.14533919095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1314397156238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13054096698760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12618201971054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11266568303108215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6679980158805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.628343939781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6034706830978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5325708985328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4878987967967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4711144268512726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4679875373840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.46026331186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4570503532886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.4426176846027374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26878392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1876583993434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14533919095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1314397156238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13054096698760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12618201971054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11266568303108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:479896a313604f769db4d775eb45eeb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/479896a313604f769db4d775eb45eeb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 45494-45503 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3043008882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20174030201540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8805698874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017K1A4A3013579","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576534100","https://openalex.org/W1627978401","https://openalex.org/W1898195181","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2029848703","https://openalex.org/W2031226561","https://openalex.org/W2035139006","https://openalex.org/W2036178646","https://openalex.org/W2038299256","https://openalex.org/W2061948033","https://openalex.org/W2063668587","https://openalex.org/W2069722134","https://openalex.org/W2070826863","https://openalex.org/W2099365903","https://openalex.org/W2109894988","https://openalex.org/W2115736354","https://openalex.org/W2134917918","https://openalex.org/W2153292828","https://openalex.org/W2157410673","https://openalex.org/W2158365507","https://openalex.org/W2189625117","https://openalex.org/W2333716995","https://openalex.org/W2340920670","https://openalex.org/W2433145132","https://openalex.org/W2588164786","https://openalex.org/W2756570084","https://openalex.org/W2889983093","https://openalex.org/W4232059379","https://openalex.org/W6686980507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W3094954546","https://openalex.org/W1488708774","https://openalex.org/W1982811510","https://openalex.org/W4391100477","https://openalex.org/W2402189625","https://openalex.org/W4327779705","https://openalex.org/W4310560702","https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W1513698804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,92],"sizes":[1],"of":[2,71,134],"PV":[3,72,104],"power":[4,17,41,54,73,126],"plants":[5],"have":[6],"grown":[7],"in":[8,64,146],"such":[9],"a":[10,40,51,77,131,139,159],"way":[11],"that":[12],"their":[13],"effects":[14],"on":[15,138],"the":[16,87,102,108,113,125],"system":[18],"can":[19],"no":[20],"longer":[21],"be":[22],"neglected.":[23],"In":[24,121],"order":[25,122],"to":[26,34,100,111,123],"address":[27],"these":[28],"issues,":[29],"grid":[30,36,60,141],"operators":[31],"are":[32,74],"forced":[33],"expand":[35],"connection":[37],"points,":[38],"and":[39,69,86,107],"flow":[42,55,127],"analysis":[43,57],"considering":[44],"uncertain":[45],"renewable":[46,165],"generation":[47,105],"is":[48,62,96,144],"required.":[49],"Thus,":[50],"modified":[52],"probabilistic":[53,80],"(PPF)":[56],"for":[58,163],"practical":[59],"planning":[61,118],"suggested":[63],"this":[65,156],"paper.":[66],"regularity":[68],"randomness":[70],"modeled":[75],"by":[76,152],"Monte":[78],"Carlo-based":[79],"model":[81],"combining":[82],"both":[83],"k-means":[84],"clustering":[85],"kernel":[88],"density":[89],"estimation":[90],"method.":[91],"certain":[93],"cluster":[94],"group":[95],"selected":[97],"so":[98],"as":[99],"reflect":[101],"severe":[103],"scenario,":[106],"chi-square":[109],"test":[110],"represent":[112],"$n$":[114],"th":[115],"conservative":[116],"network":[117,161],"was":[119],"suggested.":[120],"provide":[124],"result":[128],"more":[129],"effectively,":[130],"mapping":[132],"function":[133],"graphic":[135],"representation":[136],"based":[137],"significant":[140],"code":[142],"violation":[143],"provided":[145],"an":[147],"automatic":[148],"PPF":[149],"tool":[150],"written":[151],"Python":[153],"scripts.":[154],"Following":[155],"procedure":[157],"yields":[158],"reasonable":[160],"design":[162],"various":[164],"energy":[166],"penetration":[167],"levels.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}