{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941331320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909408","title":"Increasing LPWAN Scalability by Means of Concurrent Multiband IoT Technologies: An Industry 4.0 Use Case","display_name":"Increasing LPWAN Scalability by Means of Concurrent Multiband IoT Technologies: An Industry 4.0 Use Case","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941331320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909408","mag":"2941331320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685086.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006136768","display_name":"Toni Adame","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toni Adame","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Technologies and Strategies Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Technologies and Strategies Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051119491","display_name":"Albert Bel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-2188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Bel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Technologies and Strategies Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Technologies and Strategies Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089762387","display_name":"Boris Bellalta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-3703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Bellalta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006136768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4106,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89136657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"46990","last_page":"47010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9955694079399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8407117128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7928097248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6403859853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.5530819296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-internet","display_name":"Industrial Internet","score":0.5512479543685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5424590110778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5416600704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5126096606254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.382388710975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29387032985687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06469175219535828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9955694079399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8407117128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928097248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6403859853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.5530819296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202839342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740481","display_name":"Industrial Internet","level":3,"score":0.5512479543685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5424590110778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5416600704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5126096606254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.382388710975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29387032985687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06469175219535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori-api.upf.edu:10230/46853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:831d80b68f304445bf5f9bc7a9c034ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/831d80b68f304445bf5f9bc7a9c034ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 46990-47010 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08685086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3402147602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MDM-2015-0502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G657135118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2016-79510-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6764126993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGR-2017-1188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7129675622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGR-2017-1739","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7376155011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"687283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318602","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","ror":"https://ror.org/01n4pqe45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941331320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941331320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1985712994","https://openalex.org/W2000889052","https://openalex.org/W2014020069","https://openalex.org/W2034758713","https://openalex.org/W2055922713","https://openalex.org/W2084996706","https://openalex.org/W2086244907","https://openalex.org/W2102994841","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2148560594","https://openalex.org/W2162047642","https://openalex.org/W2166567333","https://openalex.org/W2166856083","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2413035114","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2559445646","https://openalex.org/W2579181677","https://openalex.org/W2613923624","https://openalex.org/W2620201422","https://openalex.org/W2620607650","https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2768691090","https://openalex.org/W2807125837","https://openalex.org/W2915034952","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W4255433894","https://openalex.org/W6681898976","https://openalex.org/W6684312856","https://openalex.org/W6697523151","https://openalex.org/W7039505586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205953908","https://openalex.org/W2780275797","https://openalex.org/W2805348733","https://openalex.org/W2787604381","https://openalex.org/W3212933010","https://openalex.org/W2995268047","https://openalex.org/W3138242362","https://openalex.org/W2993037392","https://openalex.org/W2976440832","https://openalex.org/W3111061271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,6,9,21,23,34,50,79,112,128,136,160],"the":[2,7,13,18,96,103,110,137,158,177],"most":[3],"important":[4],"challenges":[5],"Internet":[8],"Things":[10],"(IoT)":[11],"in":[12,99,148,153,157,167],"next":[14],"years":[15],"will":[16],"be":[17],"smooth":[19],"incorporation":[20],"millions":[22],"smart":[24],"devices":[25,52,174],"into":[26],"its":[27,165],"communications":[28],"paradigm.":[29],"The":[30,134],"greater":[31],"coverage":[32],"area":[33,38],"sub-1-GHz":[35],"low-power":[36],"wide":[37],"networks":[39,68],"(LPWANs)":[40],"makes":[41],"them":[42],"a":[43,54,76,106,126,141,154],"suitable":[44],"technology":[45],"to":[46,73],"easily":[47],"encompass":[48],"hundreds":[49],"end":[51,173],"under":[53],"single":[55],"base":[56],"station.":[57],"However,":[58],"LPWAN":[59,100,120],"inherent":[60],"simplicity":[61],"affects":[62],"negatively":[63],"on":[64,109,140],"scalability,":[65],"as":[66,122],"these":[67],"are":[69],"not":[70],"flexible":[71],"enough":[72],"deal":[74],"with":[75,172],"high":[77],"number":[78],"nodes":[80],"unless":[81],"their":[82],"traffic":[83],"load":[84],"is":[85],"really":[86],"low,":[87],"which":[88],"limits":[89],"many":[90],"potential":[91],"use-cases.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"analyzes":[95],"scalability":[97],"issue":[98],"and":[101,152],"proposes":[102],"INTER-HARE":[104,138],"protocol:":[105],"solution":[107],"based":[108],"use":[111],"concurrent":[113],"multiband":[114],"IoT":[115,143],"technologies,":[116],"where":[117],"an":[118,161],"868-MHz":[119],"acts":[121],"transparent":[123],"backhaul":[124],"for":[125],"set":[127],"subnetworks":[129],"working":[130],"at":[131],"2.4":[132],"GHz.":[133],"implementation":[135],"protocol":[139],"real":[142],"platform":[144],"was":[145],"assessed":[146],"both":[147],"several":[149],"laboratory":[150],"testbeds":[151],"pilot":[155],"developed":[156],"premises":[159],"industrial":[162],"company,":[163],"proving":[164],"suitability":[166],"non-delay":[168],"sensitive":[169],"monitoring":[170],"applications":[171],"scattered":[175],"throughout":[176],"targeted":[178],"area.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}