{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2930762372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909153","title":"Reliability Modeling and Assessment of Isolated Microgrid Considering Influences of Frequency Control","display_name":"Reliability Modeling and Assessment of Isolated Microgrid Considering Influences of Frequency Control","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2930762372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909153","mag":"2930762372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909153","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08681033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08681033.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445474","display_name":"Jing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031912756","display_name":"Tianyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103245718","display_name":"Wenxia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068121401","display_name":"Jianhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90187159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"50362","last_page":"50371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.8190079927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.7834470868110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7296172380447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7112630605697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6406033635139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4841045141220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4782734811306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4560115933418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.42112213373184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2554311156272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11462423205375671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.8190079927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.7834470868110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7296172380447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7112630605697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6406033635139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4841045141220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4782734811306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4560115933418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.42112213373184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2554311156272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11462423205375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909153","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08681033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f0eddcc70f34c979dc97676d811a00d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f0eddcc70f34c979dc97676d811a00d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 50362-50371 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/106314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/106314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909153","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08681033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7183793794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"521104170043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335984","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Foundation of State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335984","display_name":"Science and Technology Foundation of State Grid Corporation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930762372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930762372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513720878","https://openalex.org/W1562403682","https://openalex.org/W1975272849","https://openalex.org/W1980187301","https://openalex.org/W1981619817","https://openalex.org/W1985871303","https://openalex.org/W1992273457","https://openalex.org/W1996928165","https://openalex.org/W2011321288","https://openalex.org/W2020798599","https://openalex.org/W2023744873","https://openalex.org/W2071748287","https://openalex.org/W2071780137","https://openalex.org/W2089776541","https://openalex.org/W2098579359","https://openalex.org/W2158109766","https://openalex.org/W2171596692","https://openalex.org/W2243732669","https://openalex.org/W2270528027","https://openalex.org/W2295739534","https://openalex.org/W2308045491","https://openalex.org/W2315183894","https://openalex.org/W2361416206","https://openalex.org/W2370036911","https://openalex.org/W2510522738","https://openalex.org/W2740001187","https://openalex.org/W2822569858","https://openalex.org/W3103713275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2076021085","https://openalex.org/W2061539888","https://openalex.org/W3006223230","https://openalex.org/W2424479016","https://openalex.org/W2386414721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"control":[1,54,62,96,111,161],"of":[2,17,24,52,88,100,109,129,134,139,167,188],"isolated":[3,45,152,189],"microgrid":[4],"(MG)":[5],"relies":[6],"heavily":[7],"on":[8,93,113,150,174],"a":[9,71,171],"safe":[10],"and":[11,41,74,142,186],"reliable":[12],"cyber":[13,18,56,72,89,168],"system.":[14],"Random":[15],"failures":[16,91,166],"elements":[19,169],"may":[20],"cause":[21],"the":[22,25,50,68,86,94,114,127,132,147,159,165,184],"malfunction":[23,112,133,162],"frequency":[26,53,61,95,110,135,160],"control,":[27],"resulting":[28],"in":[29],"reliability":[30,39,102,128],"issues,":[31],"e.g.,":[32],"load":[33],"shedding":[34],"or":[35],"generation":[36],"curtailment.":[37],"A":[38,98],"modeling":[40],"assessment":[42,80],"method":[43,81,122],"for":[44,183],"MG":[46,115,175],"is":[47,64,82,104,123,144],"proposed,":[48],"considering":[49,131],"influence":[51],"from":[55],"physical":[57,75],"system":[58,73,76],"perspectives.":[59],"The":[60,117,137,154],"process":[63],"modeled":[65],"to":[66,84,106,125],"establish":[67],"interdependencies":[69],"between":[70],"within":[77],"MGs.":[78,190],"An":[79],"proposed":[83,140],"quantify":[85],"impacts":[87,108],"element":[90],"based":[92],"models.":[97],"set":[99],"novel":[101],"index":[103],"defined":[105],"illustrate":[107],"reliability.":[116,176],"sequential":[118],"Monte":[119],"Carlo":[120],"simulation":[121],"adopted":[124],"assess":[126],"MGs":[130],"control.":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"models":[141],"indices":[143],"demonstrated":[145],"by":[146,164],"case":[148],"studies":[149],"an":[151],"MG.":[153],"test":[155],"results":[156],"indicate":[157],"that":[158],"caused":[163],"has":[170],"great":[172],"impact":[173],"This":[177],"research":[178],"can":[179],"provide":[180],"technical":[181],"support":[182],"planning":[185],"operation":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}