{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2932879926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908496","title":"Multi-Sensor Passive Localization Using Second Difference of Coherent Time Delays With Incomplete Measurements","display_name":"Multi-Sensor Passive Localization Using Second Difference of Coherent Time Delays With Incomplete Measurements","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2932879926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908496","mag":"2932879926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908496","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678675.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026068255","display_name":"Shangyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-6875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101577243","display_name":"Zhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021371715","display_name":"Xuefeng Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001567216","display_name":"Jiazhi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-4729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025698632","display_name":"Lei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6054,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68265598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"43167","last_page":"43178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9666765928268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.8634191751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7268427610397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6073195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.5944165587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5296387672424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4979422092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4777066707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4359915852546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrival-time","display_name":"Arrival time","score":0.4287848174571991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4264611005783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39204537868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.24449685215950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.23378512263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22652536630630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22622674703598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.15433964133262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.11644002795219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10852855443954468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9666765928268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.8634191751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268427610397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6073195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.5944165587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5296387672424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4979422092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4777066707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4359915852546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017552255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Arrival time","level":2,"score":0.4287848174571991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4264611005783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39204537868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.24449685215950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.23378512263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22652536630630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22622674703598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.15433964133262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.11644002795219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10852855443954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908496","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:850611dfc36a4a80a34fde72a7090b3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/850611dfc36a4a80a34fde72a7090b3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 43167-43178 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908496","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5204728871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z20170201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329777","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center For Information Science And Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2932879926.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2932879926.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1422388012","https://openalex.org/W1556651626","https://openalex.org/W1587392214","https://openalex.org/W1970304436","https://openalex.org/W2076764958","https://openalex.org/W2076919534","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2087561591","https://openalex.org/W2097722237","https://openalex.org/W2100498667","https://openalex.org/W2101317465","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2112275383","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2141833981","https://openalex.org/W2143933706","https://openalex.org/W2149154415","https://openalex.org/W2150934399","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2161101713","https://openalex.org/W2167251937","https://openalex.org/W2168467852","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2312975839","https://openalex.org/W2557182689","https://openalex.org/W2557477463","https://openalex.org/W2557601334","https://openalex.org/W2560693949","https://openalex.org/W2612484128","https://openalex.org/W2631365318","https://openalex.org/W2747745953","https://openalex.org/W2762846122","https://openalex.org/W2777512753","https://openalex.org/W2789951963","https://openalex.org/W2892394922","https://openalex.org/W6737553489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095065017","https://openalex.org/W2138144598","https://openalex.org/W1974000248","https://openalex.org/W2082904991","https://openalex.org/W2066348132","https://openalex.org/W2082010652","https://openalex.org/W2099208041","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2132956114","https://openalex.org/W2542716584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,122],"passive":[1],"localization":[2,100],"using":[3],"multiple":[4,120],"sensors":[5,37],"is":[6,27,34,60,96,130],"considered":[7],"for":[8,36,126],"emitter":[9],"transmitting":[10],"pulse":[11,26,152],"signals":[12],"with":[13],"unknown":[14],"start":[15],"transmission":[16],"time":[17,45,85,91],"and":[18,32,89,116,132],"period.":[19],"Time":[20],"of":[21,24,55,78,83,93,105,108,139,151],"arrival":[22,94],"(TOA)":[23],"a":[25,76,79],"estimated":[28],"at":[29],"every":[30],"sensor,":[31],"it":[33],"difficult":[35],"to":[38,63,98],"intercept":[39],"all":[40],"pulses":[41],"during":[42],"the":[43,53,58,103,112,127,133,137,140,149],"observation":[44],"in":[46,102,148],"practice,":[47],"as":[48],"there":[49],"maybe":[50],"obstacle":[51],"on":[52,75],"line":[54],"sight":[56],"or":[57],"signal":[59],"too":[61],"weak":[62],"be":[64],"detected,":[65],"namely,":[66],"incomplete":[67],"measurements.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"an":[72],"algorithm":[73,129,142],"based":[74],"combination":[77],"new":[80],"second":[81],"difference":[82,92],"coherent":[84],"delays":[86],"(SDCTD)":[87],"measurement":[88],"traditional":[90],"(TDOA)":[95],"proposed":[97,128,141],"improve":[99],"performance":[101,138],"presence":[104],"two":[106],"kinds":[107],"TOA":[109],"errors,":[110],"including":[111],"independent":[113],"estimation":[114],"errors":[115,118],"common":[117],"among":[119],"sensors.":[121],"Cramer-Rao":[123],"lower":[124],"bound":[125],"derived,":[131],"simulations":[134],"validate":[135],"that":[136],"significantly":[143],"outperforms":[144],"existing":[145],"algorithms,":[146],"especially":[147],"case":[150],"loss.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
