{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2926743806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908483","title":"Tire Defect Detection Using Fully Convolutional Network","display_name":"Tire Defect Detection Using Fully Convolutional Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2926743806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908483","mag":"2926743806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059400886","display_name":"Ren Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ren Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004039264","display_name":"Qiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020037897","display_name":"Shanmei Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanmei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Media Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051873577","display_name":"Caiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software College, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software College, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059400886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.4936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98037496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"43502","last_page":"43510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7723004817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.766185998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7540102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7494527101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6967675685882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6671637892723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6595830917358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5876433849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5577566027641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.532811164855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.47970670461654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.470899373292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4685419797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4264100193977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2777944803237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08678185939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06061732769012451}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7723004817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.766185998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7540102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7494527101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6967675685882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6671637892723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6595830917358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5876433849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5577566027641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.532811164855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.47970670461654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.470899373292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4685419797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4264100193977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2777944803237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08678185939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06061732769012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e5802788eb84ccb92912b201f7627ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e5802788eb84ccb92912b201f7627ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 43502-43510 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08678643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2696157397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5071415905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1609218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550344687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JL029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6094380186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G63400967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7964097893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017JL029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G861909855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1609218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8893067227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2926743806.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2926743806.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1986306729","https://openalex.org/W2034851609","https://openalex.org/W2036421441","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2071448691","https://openalex.org/W2078087367","https://openalex.org/W2085709773","https://openalex.org/W2109925328","https://openalex.org/W2154343291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2209436463","https://openalex.org/W2300147725","https://openalex.org/W2344428106","https://openalex.org/W2525076183","https://openalex.org/W2598301395","https://openalex.org/W2741224071","https://openalex.org/W2766021674","https://openalex.org/W2806915783","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6682823595","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3019910406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"deep":[1,83],"convolutional":[2,37],"neural":[3],"network":[4,38,66],"has":[5],"recently":[6],"witnessed":[7],"rapid":[8],"progress":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,48,88],"the":[12,26,49,56,70,90,101,124,129,133,140,146,163],"strong":[13],"feature":[14,91,96,113,156],"learning":[15],"capability.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20,144],"focus":[21],"on":[22,34],"its":[23],"application":[24],"in":[25,43,69,123,172],"industrial":[27],"field":[28],"and":[29,58,95,150,169],"propose":[30],"a":[31,35,81],"method":[32,71,165],"based":[33],"fully":[36,106],"(FCN)":[39],"for":[40],"detecting":[41],"defects":[42,61,171],"tire":[44,93,173],"X-ray":[45],"images.":[46,174],"Owing":[47],"capability":[50],"of":[51,54,60,74,92],"pixel-wise":[52],"prediction":[53],"FCN,":[55],"location,":[57],"segmentation":[59,148],"are":[62,98],"completed":[63],"simultaneously.":[64],"The":[65,77,158],"architecture":[67],"used":[68,87],"mainly":[72],"consists":[73],"three":[75],"phases.":[76],"first":[78,141],"phase":[79],"is":[80,86],"traditional":[82],"network,":[84],"which":[85],"extract":[89],"images,":[94],"maps":[97,114],"obtained":[99],"at":[100],"last":[102],"layer.":[103],"By":[104,119],"replacing":[105],"connected":[107],"layers":[108],"into":[109],"convolution":[110],"layers,":[111,122],"final":[112],"retain":[115],"sufficient":[116],"spatial":[117],"information.":[118],"adding":[120],"up-sampling":[121],"second":[125],"phase,":[126],"outputs":[127],"with":[128],"same":[130],"size":[131],"as":[132],"original":[134],"image":[135],"can":[136,166],"be":[137],"generated.":[138],"After":[139],"two":[142],"phases,":[143],"develop":[145],"coarse":[147],"results":[149,160],"refine":[151],"them":[152],"through":[153],"fusing":[154],"multi-scale":[155],"maps.":[157],"experimental":[159],"show":[161],"that":[162],"proposed":[164],"accurately":[167],"locate":[168],"segment":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}