{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2929926416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908088","title":"A Hardware Trojan Detection Method Based on Structural Features of Trojan and Host Circuits","display_name":"A Hardware Trojan Detection Method Based on Structural Features of Trojan and Host Circuits","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2929926416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908088","mag":"2929926416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675936.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409523","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065914138","display_name":"Pengyong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090835103","display_name":"Fuqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100409523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90861916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"44632","last_page":"44644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.9172353744506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.8529863357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7335963249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.6746126413345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5264521241188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinational-logic","display_name":"Combinational logic","score":0.5224682092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5093482732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.49038147926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.47249189019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.46621304750442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4400056004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3402612507343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.32724785804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32061001658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17224687337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15712761878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13273030519485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07499530911445618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.9172353744506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.8529863357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7335963249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6746126413345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5264521241188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81409106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76505","display_name":"Combinational logic","level":3,"score":0.5224682092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5093482732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.49038147926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47249189019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.46621304750442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4400056004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3402612507343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.32724785804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32061001658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17224687337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15712761878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13273030519485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07499530911445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b3055013e5a44dbbc346076628bb277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b3055013e5a44dbbc346076628bb277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 44632-44644 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4399102298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61574099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5854786607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tianjin","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929926416.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929926416.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591013007","https://openalex.org/W1972191498","https://openalex.org/W2001441503","https://openalex.org/W2002725903","https://openalex.org/W2054236688","https://openalex.org/W2063123613","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2162256736","https://openalex.org/W2189470380","https://openalex.org/W2207233201","https://openalex.org/W2291231941","https://openalex.org/W2366316694","https://openalex.org/W2524064595","https://openalex.org/W2536483783","https://openalex.org/W2582090496","https://openalex.org/W2627046244","https://openalex.org/W2739579953","https://openalex.org/W2750067007","https://openalex.org/W2753199827","https://openalex.org/W2756672502","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2758803816","https://openalex.org/W2772780992","https://openalex.org/W2798507000","https://openalex.org/W2801379610","https://openalex.org/W2810880127","https://openalex.org/W4252148401","https://openalex.org/W6643431691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W4391584122","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W4321062229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"IC":[1],"designs":[2],"often":[3],"involve":[4],"outsourced":[5],"IP":[6,18],"cores.":[7],"It":[8],"is":[9,82],"convinced":[10],"that":[11,98],"there":[12],"are":[13,67],"opportunities":[14],"in":[15,37],"which":[16,27],"the":[17,32,49,86,99,132],"cores":[19],"contain":[20],"malicious":[21],"logic,":[22],"namely":[23],"hardware":[24],"Trojan":[25],"(HT),":[26],"raises":[28],"serious":[29],"concerns":[30],"about":[31],"trustworthiness":[33],"of":[34,53,61],"ICs":[35],"used":[36],"mission-critical":[38],"applications.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"an":[43,71,117],"HT":[44,72],"detection":[45],"method":[46,101],"by":[47],"analyzing":[48],"combined":[50],"structural":[51,59],"features":[52,60,87],"HTs":[54,66],"and":[55,63,69,124],"host":[56],"circuits.":[57],"The":[58,91],"combinational":[62],"sequential":[64],"logic":[65],"extracted":[68],"form":[70],"feature":[73,80],"database.":[74],"An":[75],"efficient":[76],"quantization":[77],"approach":[78],"on":[79,94,113],"matching":[81],"proposed":[83,100],"to":[84],"search":[85],"from":[88],"circuit":[89],"designs.":[90],"experiments":[92],"conducted":[93],"TrustHub":[95],"benchmarks":[96],"show":[97],"can":[102],"successfully":[103],"detect":[104],"all":[105],"stealth":[106],"Trojans":[107],"with":[108,116,121,131],"runtime":[109],"within":[110],"72":[111],"s":[112],"a":[114,125],"platform":[115],"AMD":[118],"2.00-GHz":[119],"CPU":[120],"4-GB":[122],"RAM":[123],"low":[126],"false":[127],"positive":[128],"rate":[129],"compared":[130],"existing":[133],"methods.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
