{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2933987580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908061","title":"Microwave Characterization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Plant Pathogenic Fungi Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe","display_name":"Microwave Characterization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Plant Pathogenic Fungi Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2933987580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908061","mag":"2933987580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908061","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675920.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064426310","display_name":"Mousa Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa I. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-9883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086072777","display_name":"Dwija Jithin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwija Jithin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030925262","display_name":"Indu Jiji Rajmohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indu Jiji Rajmohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088083658","display_name":"Arjun Sham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Sham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064656698","display_name":"Esam Eldin Saeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esam Eldin M. A. Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010827495","display_name":"Synan F. AbuQamar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-7689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Synan F. AbuQamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3332,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84558587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"45841","last_page":"45849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11578","display_name":"Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.7584937810897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5613385438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-spectroscopy","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","score":0.5153481364250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4921533465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germination","display_name":"Germination","score":0.4302273094654083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.4137806296348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.36673325300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3638254404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2743154764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.2652445137500763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26117265224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.19944557547569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1841692328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11672121286392212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.7584937810897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5613385438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.5153481364250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4921533465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.4302273094654083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4137806296348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36673325300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3638254404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2743154764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2652445137500763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26117265224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.19944557547569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1841692328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11672121286392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908061","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e805b544f85478298bfb15dafd22a8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e805b544f85478298bfb15dafd22a8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 45841-45849 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908061","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4577808398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31R081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","funder_display_name":"United Arab Emirates University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90671531","https://openalex.org/W1500890992","https://openalex.org/W1524756920","https://openalex.org/W1559540322","https://openalex.org/W1565292962","https://openalex.org/W1578925896","https://openalex.org/W1592927528","https://openalex.org/W1599895431","https://openalex.org/W1973960785","https://openalex.org/W1986280421","https://openalex.org/W1989998611","https://openalex.org/W2003897459","https://openalex.org/W2007550651","https://openalex.org/W2012237803","https://openalex.org/W2015166285","https://openalex.org/W2015301666","https://openalex.org/W2022981781","https://openalex.org/W2025206693","https://openalex.org/W2039823464","https://openalex.org/W2050139442","https://openalex.org/W2059699393","https://openalex.org/W2067396988","https://openalex.org/W2070885684","https://openalex.org/W2071609648","https://openalex.org/W2081371019","https://openalex.org/W2085985380","https://openalex.org/W2088654232","https://openalex.org/W2094068643","https://openalex.org/W2104100968","https://openalex.org/W2107771892","https://openalex.org/W2109823842","https://openalex.org/W2117457191","https://openalex.org/W2117965001","https://openalex.org/W2120777269","https://openalex.org/W2122552550","https://openalex.org/W2125098427","https://openalex.org/W2137669912","https://openalex.org/W2150227948","https://openalex.org/W2169768163","https://openalex.org/W2188044751","https://openalex.org/W2461440960","https://openalex.org/W2468225234","https://openalex.org/W2470173341","https://openalex.org/W2560211500","https://openalex.org/W2588904025","https://openalex.org/W2766027243","https://openalex.org/W2766827551","https://openalex.org/W2915672204","https://openalex.org/W4299930585","https://openalex.org/W6634077216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365497559","https://openalex.org/W2393988552","https://openalex.org/W2357554500","https://openalex.org/W2348304484","https://openalex.org/W2137659180","https://openalex.org/W217980664","https://openalex.org/W2359546330","https://openalex.org/W2351635273","https://openalex.org/W2361746932","https://openalex.org/W2382566321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"diseases":[1],"have":[2,43],"a":[3,18,47,116,182],"direct":[4],"impact":[5],"on":[6,57,78,99,132,161],"agricultural":[7],"food":[8],"production.":[9],"The":[10],"time":[11],"required":[12],"to":[13,21,36,45,64,106,153,167,169,229,238],"detect":[14],"the":[15,23,38,82,91,100,108,162,171,176,214,227,231],"pathogen":[16],"plays":[17],"crucial":[19],"role":[20],"minimize":[22],"fungal-induced":[24],"disease":[25],"damage":[26],"in":[27,50,71,81,90],"crops.":[28],"Current":[29],"microbial":[30],"detection":[31,41],"techniques":[32,42],"take":[33],"several":[34],"days":[35],"identify":[37],"disease.":[39],"Microwave":[40,53],"proven":[44],"be":[46,129],"good":[48],"candidate":[49],"identifying":[51],"pathogens.":[52],"dielectric":[54,95,109,136,184,234],"characterization":[55],"based":[56,98,131,160],"an":[58],"open-ended":[59,101],"coax":[60,102],"technique":[61],"is":[62,226],"proposed":[63],"electrically":[65],"characterize":[66],"pathogens":[67],"having":[68],"potential":[69],"applications":[70],"plant":[72,246],"diseases.":[73,247],"Seven":[74],"common":[75],"fungi":[76,127,150,204],"growing":[77],"major":[79],"crops":[80],"United":[83],"Arab":[84],"Emirates":[85],"were":[86],"isolated":[87],"and":[88,121,143,146,211,242],"cultured":[89],"lab.":[92],"A":[93],"microwave":[94,135,235],"assessment":[96],"kit,":[97],"technology,":[103],"was":[104,165],"used":[105,166],"obtain":[107],"properties":[110],"of":[111,148,233,245],"samples.":[112],"Our":[113],"data":[114],"demonstrated":[115],"distinct":[117],"variability":[118],"between":[119],"soil-":[120],"air-borne":[122],"pathogenic":[123],"fungi.":[124,191],"Thus,":[125],"individual":[126],"can":[128],"identified":[130],"their":[133],"specific":[134],"signature.":[137],"Factors":[138],"such":[139],"as":[140],"conidial":[141],"sporulation":[142],"hyphal":[144],"growth":[145],"polarization":[147],"these":[149,154],"may":[151],"attribute":[152],"electric":[155],"discrepancies.":[156],"Dielectric":[157],"spectroscopy":[158],"modeling":[159],"Havriliak-Negami":[163],"model":[164],"help":[168],"understand":[170],"molecular":[172],"structure":[173],"interaction":[174],"with":[175],"high-frequency":[177],"signal.":[178],"This":[179,192,224],"paper":[180,193],"revealed":[181],"significant":[183],"contrast":[185],"behavior":[186,220],"variation":[187],"among":[188],"all":[189],"seven":[190],"also":[194],"supported":[195],"previous":[196],"results":[197],"obtained":[198],"by":[199],"other":[200],"researchers,":[201],"which":[202],"classified":[203],"into":[205],"two":[206],"main":[207],"groups,":[208],"namely":[209],"hydrophilic":[210],"hydrophobic.":[212],"Nonetheless,":[213],"fungus":[215],"Alternaria":[216],"solani":[217],"has":[218],"different":[219],"from":[221],"this":[222],"classification.":[223],"research":[225],"first":[228],"demonstrate":[230],"ability":[232],"characterizations":[236],"tests":[237],"facilitate":[239],"rapid":[240],"diagnosis":[241],"appropriate":[243],"treatments":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}