{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2930408382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907967","title":"Cascaded Iterative Training Model and Parallel Multi-Classifiers for Visual Object Tracking","display_name":"Cascaded Iterative Training Model and Parallel Multi-Classifiers for Visual Object Tracking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2930408382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907967","mag":"2930408382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675930.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076897920","display_name":"Dongzhu Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5467-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongzhu Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5467-2759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050402661","display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040308771","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-4465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066928904","display_name":"Guangmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-4119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088228768","display_name":"Hao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-3759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2034,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5200844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"63099","last_page":"63112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7942125797271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7812002301216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7580020427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6555348038673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6372459530830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6317728757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5406941175460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5073162913322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4981837272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.46211105585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45693105459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4543733298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.4369819462299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33921897411346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.15052613615989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1393415927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.08924755454063416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7942125797271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7812002301216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7580020427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6555348038673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6372459530830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6317728757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5406941175460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5073162913322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4981837272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.46211105585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45693105459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4543733298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.4369819462299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33921897411346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.15052613615989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1393415927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.08924755454063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:85c77569f24949668b888611efb8afe6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/85c77569f24949668b888611efb8afe6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 63099-63112 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3209478104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6301280295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8716361335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61503292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930408382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930408382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W1534421354","https://openalex.org/W1622986818","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1985542068","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W1997853214","https://openalex.org/W2000326692","https://openalex.org/W2009243364","https://openalex.org/W2020510457","https://openalex.org/W2024657922","https://openalex.org/W2038943746","https://openalex.org/W2044986361","https://openalex.org/W2052546149","https://openalex.org/W2056339660","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2098941887","https://openalex.org/W2102674365","https://openalex.org/W2109579504","https://openalex.org/W2113577207","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2149829493","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158917775","https://openalex.org/W2162383208","https://openalex.org/W2162813111","https://openalex.org/W2162919312","https://openalex.org/W2164963309","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2319973820","https://openalex.org/W2366506455","https://openalex.org/W2415584503","https://openalex.org/W2607129698","https://openalex.org/W2767427781","https://openalex.org/W2791358024","https://openalex.org/W4206196235","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W6606595081","https://openalex.org/W6649598916","https://openalex.org/W6675197054","https://openalex.org/W6683636472","https://openalex.org/W6684006261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W4406109044","https://openalex.org/W4406731786","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2753886513","https://openalex.org/W2012200063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,20,51,58,79,109,122,131],"the":[2,6,9,35,40,49,52,65,73,77,81,86,95,107,120,129,143,154,159,166,176,184],"superiority":[3],"in":[4,22,97,119],"distinguishing":[5],"target":[7,23,167],"from":[8,34],"background":[10],"by":[11,141],"learning":[12,101],"mechanism,":[13],"discriminative":[14,30,74],"classifier":[15,31,75],"attracts":[16],"a":[17,29,134],"great":[18],"deal":[19],"attention":[21],"detection":[24],"and":[25,84,89,145,158,191],"tracking":[26,116,137,156],"systems.":[27],"Generally,":[28],"is":[32,62,69,102,139,162,168],"learned":[33],"initial":[36],"image":[37,46,67],"patch.":[38],"However,":[39],"other":[41],"algorithms,":[42],"using":[43],"only":[44],"one":[45],"frame":[47],"inhibit":[48],"performance":[50,108,181],"classifier.":[53],"A":[54],"novel":[55],"training":[56],"strategy":[57],"cascade":[59],"iteration,":[60],"which":[61],"based":[63],"on":[64,153],"multiple":[66],"frames,":[68],"used":[70],"to":[71,92,105,115,127,183],"initialize":[72],"for":[76],"purpose":[78],"weakening":[80],"initialization":[82],"limitation":[83],"improving":[85],"algorithms'":[87],"adaptability":[88],"robustness.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"cope":[93],"with":[94,188],"changes":[96],"natural":[98],"images,":[99],"online":[100],"usually":[103],"adopted":[104],"enhance":[106],"classifiers,":[110],"but":[111],"it":[112],"easily":[113],"leads":[114],"failures,":[117],"especially":[118,187],"case":[121],"full":[123,132],"occlusion.":[124],"In":[125],"order":[126],"attenuate":[128],"influence":[130],"occlusion,":[133],"multi-classifiers":[135,144],"parallel":[136],"algorithm":[138,161,178],"proposed":[140,160,177],"designing":[142],"inducing":[146],"extra":[147],"constraints.":[148],"The":[149,171],"experiments":[150],"are":[151],"performed":[152],"visual":[155],"benchmark,":[157],"more":[163],"robust":[164],"while":[165],"fully":[169],"occluded.":[170],"simulation":[172],"results":[173],"show":[174],"that":[175],"exhibits":[179],"better":[180],"compared":[182],"state-of-the-art":[185],"trackers,":[186],"KCF,":[189],"TLD,":[190],"STRUCK.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}