{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2929049293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907965","title":"Toward a Lightweight Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things","display_name":"Toward a Lightweight Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2929049293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907965","mag":"2929049293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907965","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675917.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048418386","display_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-4719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650837","display_name":"Saeed Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-4096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-4096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032537915","display_name":"Vladimir Shakhov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-7552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Shakhov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-7552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":21.8474,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":314,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99601,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"42450","last_page":"42471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8598806262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7626587152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7334201335906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5212474465370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.47874540090560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4738721549510956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4547942280769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.445272296667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3342880308628082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2869628071784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13393747806549072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8598806262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7626587152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7334201335906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5212474465370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.47874540090560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4738721549510956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4547942280769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.445272296667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3342880308628082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2869628071784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13393747806549072}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907965","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef169029fd4c4471823996b78d226154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef169029fd4c4471823996b78d226154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 42450-42471 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:2937019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2937019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907965","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08675917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G579640568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A3B03030386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7536252242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A3B03030386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929049293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929049293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91206318","https://openalex.org/W1992580876","https://openalex.org/W2002254092","https://openalex.org/W2039424734","https://openalex.org/W2087310019","https://openalex.org/W2104927807","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2107867209","https://openalex.org/W2111285839","https://openalex.org/W2124904909","https://openalex.org/W2161349318","https://openalex.org/W2468717272","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2512960907","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2573554261","https://openalex.org/W2579916179","https://openalex.org/W2590373591","https://openalex.org/W2594889267","https://openalex.org/W2604105233","https://openalex.org/W2611338987","https://openalex.org/W2611569060","https://openalex.org/W2614556125","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2659496420","https://openalex.org/W2732560875","https://openalex.org/W2740864048","https://openalex.org/W2749908420","https://openalex.org/W2753002651","https://openalex.org/W2761694337","https://openalex.org/W2761800654","https://openalex.org/W2773580354","https://openalex.org/W2776074343","https://openalex.org/W2776146695","https://openalex.org/W2779598397","https://openalex.org/W2783190965","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2788455797","https://openalex.org/W2790234745","https://openalex.org/W2790357642","https://openalex.org/W2792241066","https://openalex.org/W2792834151","https://openalex.org/W2794048982","https://openalex.org/W2794786524","https://openalex.org/W2797025128","https://openalex.org/W2802544366","https://openalex.org/W2803785498","https://openalex.org/W2805885073","https://openalex.org/W2808085522","https://openalex.org/W2810351249","https://openalex.org/W2810854327","https://openalex.org/W2910612999","https://openalex.org/W2913865526","https://openalex.org/W2980842698","https://openalex.org/W4249837478","https://openalex.org/W4255924009","https://openalex.org/W4300619116","https://openalex.org/W6603717443","https://openalex.org/W6649220285","https://openalex.org/W6741905667","https://openalex.org/W6747449783","https://openalex.org/W6747707468","https://openalex.org/W6749806285","https://openalex.org/W6769574862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W2387580700","https://openalex.org/W2746581472","https://openalex.org/W60934498","https://openalex.org/W2899285606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integration":[0],"of":[1,7,11,39,55,59,64,77,95,132,183,194],"the":[2,5,8,37,43,56,68,71,84,116,126,167,175],"Internet":[3,38],"into":[4,166],"entities":[6],"different":[9],"domains":[10],"human":[12],"society":[13],"(such":[14],"as":[15,32,123],"smart":[16,20],"homes,":[17],"health":[18],"care,":[19],"grids,":[21],"manufacturing":[22],"processes,":[23],"product":[24],"supply":[25],"chains,":[26],"and":[27,45,99,111,129,134,197],"environmental":[28],"monitoring)":[29],"is":[30,61,90],"emerging":[31],"a":[33,62,74,92,143,149,181],"new":[34],"paradigm":[35],"called":[36],"Things":[40],"(IoT).":[41],"However,":[42,102],"ubiquitous":[44],"wide-range":[46],"IoT":[47,117,168],"networks":[48],"make":[49],"them":[50],"prone":[51],"to":[52,79,108,115,119,157,162],"cyberattacks.":[53],"One":[54],"main":[57],"types":[58],"attack":[60,145],"denial":[63],"service":[65],"(DoS),":[66],"where":[67],"attacker":[69],"floods":[70],"network":[72],"with":[73],"large":[75],"volume":[76],"data":[78,165],"prevent":[80],"nodes":[81],"from":[82],"using":[83],"services.":[85],"An":[86],"intrusion":[87,104],"detection":[88,105,146,198],"mechanism":[89],"considered":[91],"chief":[93],"source":[94],"protection":[96],"for":[97,113],"information":[98],"communications":[100],"technology.":[101],"conventional":[103],"methods":[106],"need":[107],"be":[109],"modified":[110],"improved":[112],"application":[114],"owing":[118],"certain":[120],"limitations,":[121],"such":[122],"resource-constrained":[124],"devices,":[125],"limited":[127],"memory":[128],"battery":[130],"capacity":[131],"nodes,":[133],"specific":[135],"protocol":[136],"stacks.":[137],"In":[138],"this":[139],"paper,":[140],"we":[141],"develop":[142],"lightweight":[144],"strategy":[147],"utilizing":[148],"supervised":[150],"machine":[151,155],"learning-based":[152],"support":[153],"vector":[154],"(SVM)":[156],"detect":[158],"an":[159],"adversary":[160],"attempting":[161],"inject":[163],"unnecessary":[164],"network.":[169],"The":[170],"simulation":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174],"proposed":[176],"SVM-based":[177],"classifier,":[178],"aided":[179],"by":[180],"combination":[182],"two":[184],"or":[185],"three":[186],"incomplex":[187],"features,":[188],"can":[189],"perform":[190],"satisfactorily":[191],"in":[192],"terms":[193],"classification":[195],"accuracy":[196],"time.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
