{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2928717070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907272","title":"Using Biochemical Indexes to Prognose Paraquat-Poisoned Patients: An Extreme Learning Machine-Based Approach","display_name":"Using Biochemical Indexes to Prognose Paraquat-Poisoned Patients: An Extreme Learning Machine-Based Approach","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2928717070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907272","mag":"2928717070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907272","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08673896.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08673896.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004579899","display_name":"Lufeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-2405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lufeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110311214","display_name":"Yang Panxin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panxin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035454167","display_name":"Xianqin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-3770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianqin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analytical and Testing Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analytical and Testing Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102790708","display_name":"Feiyan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-1033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801769982","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cyvdv85","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648348","display_name":"Huiling Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-9693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084351619","display_name":"Hongcui Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6604-6867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongcui Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027124954","display_name":"Haiying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5860-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801769982","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cyvdv85","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004579899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9806,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85450035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"42148","last_page":"42155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraquat","display_name":"Paraquat","score":0.6331010460853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6008456349372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatinine","display_name":"Creatinine","score":0.5708876848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilirubin","display_name":"Bilirubin","score":0.5352127552032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.5118352770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.5116577744483948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-aminotransferase","display_name":"Alanine aminotransferase","score":0.4862348139286041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.41511625051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastroenterology","display_name":"Gastroenterology","score":0.35190701484680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2987018823623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16910871863365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15096920728683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.06252667307853699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409669","display_name":"Paraquat","level":2,"score":0.6331010460853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6008456349372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.5708876848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777513400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104219","display_name":"Bilirubin","level":2,"score":0.5352127552032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.5118352770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5116577744483948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992872382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine aminotransferase","level":2,"score":0.4862348139286041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41511625051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.35190701484680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2987018823623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16910871863365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15096920728683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06252667307853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907272","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08673896.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ed1a8763f40420498c08918b513c738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ed1a8763f40420498c08918b513c738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 42148-42155 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2907272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2907272","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08673896.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G252347829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY16H300005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3773910914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17F020012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5182208057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5525282449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6721909089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6727636842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17F020012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G688642604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7710648629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY19H230001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2928717070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2928717070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1711415484","https://openalex.org/W1765661487","https://openalex.org/W1990984271","https://openalex.org/W1998769964","https://openalex.org/W2002371575","https://openalex.org/W2009097954","https://openalex.org/W2010082093","https://openalex.org/W2013282241","https://openalex.org/W2014775865","https://openalex.org/W2022034337","https://openalex.org/W2039927973","https://openalex.org/W2046480183","https://openalex.org/W2069865493","https://openalex.org/W2106427050","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2112865076","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156980807","https://openalex.org/W2159311532","https://openalex.org/W2167982865","https://openalex.org/W2170797011","https://openalex.org/W2183564101","https://openalex.org/W2235769339","https://openalex.org/W2248427651","https://openalex.org/W2345403704","https://openalex.org/W2402041883","https://openalex.org/W2765169965","https://openalex.org/W2799148064","https://openalex.org/W2952108874","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6653458758","https://openalex.org/W6686234446","https://openalex.org/W6691160522","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077989247","https://openalex.org/W2000976314","https://openalex.org/W2055553685","https://openalex.org/W2016174382","https://openalex.org/W1968425524","https://openalex.org/W850894063","https://openalex.org/W2146376076","https://openalex.org/W2406626143","https://openalex.org/W2385173317","https://openalex.org/W2070563074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,121,133,183],"biochemical":[1,36,65,95,147,201],"indexes":[2,19,34,66,148,192],"are":[3,26,74,170,193],"used":[4],"to":[5,31,39,90,112,205],"assess":[6],"the":[7,22,79,99,114,164,171,178,196,200,206],"hepatic":[8],"and":[9,38,55,76,131,143,168,225],"renal":[10],"function":[11],"of":[12,24,46,67,101,117,166,180,208,219],"paraquat":[13],"(PQ)":[14],"poisoning":[15,49,69,119,210,221],"patients.":[16,120,211],"However,":[17],"these":[18,190],"correlated":[20,176],"with":[21,177,222],"prognosis":[23,115,179,207,218],"patients":[25,50,54,58,70],"unidentified.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"aims":[30],"explore":[32],"useful":[33],"from":[35,94],"tests":[37],"identify":[40],"their":[41],"predictive":[42],"value.":[43],"A":[44],"total":[45,159],"101":[47],"PQ":[48,68,118,181,209,220],"including":[51],"51":[52],"dead":[53,142],"50":[56],"survived":[57,144],"is":[59,88,110,125,138,187,203],"involved":[60],"in":[61,71,146],"this":[62],"study.":[63],"different":[72],"status":[73,116],"collected":[75],"analyzed":[77],"by":[78],"independent-sample":[80],"test.":[81],"After":[82],"that,":[83],"Fisher":[84,102],"scores":[85],"feature":[86,223],"selection":[87,151,224],"applied":[89,111],"screen":[91],"prognostic":[92],"factors":[93],"indexes.":[96],"Based":[97],"on":[98],"results":[100,134],"selection,":[103],"an":[104],"effective":[105],"extreme":[106],"learning":[107],"machine":[108],"(ELM)":[109],"diagnose":[113],"created":[122],"ELM":[123,226],"method":[124,216],"rigorously":[126],"evaluated":[127],"for":[128,217],"accuracy,":[129],"sensitivity,":[130],"specificity.":[132],"show":[135],"that":[136,153],"there":[137],"statistical":[139],"significance":[140],"between":[141],"people":[145],"(P<;0.01).":[149],"Feature":[150],"revealed":[152],"direct":[154],"bilirubin,":[155,160],"alanine":[156],"aminotransferase":[157,162],"(ALT),":[158],"aspartate":[161],"(AST),":[163],"ratio":[165],"ALT/AST,":[167],"creatinine":[169],"most":[172],"crucial":[173],"indexes,":[174],"which":[175],"poisoning.":[182],"maximal":[184],"classification":[185],"accuracy":[186],"79.6%":[188],"when":[189],"six":[191],"selected":[194],"as":[195],"dataset.":[197],"In":[198],"conclusion,":[199],"test":[202],"related":[204],"It":[212],"provides":[213],"a":[214],"new":[215],"model.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
