{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924545699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906370","title":"A Memory Term Reduction Approach for Digital Pre-Distortion Using the Attention Mechanism","display_name":"A Memory Term Reduction Approach for Digital Pre-Distortion Using the Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924545699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906370","mag":"2924545699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906370","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087195506","display_name":"Huihui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-452X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045334981","display_name":"Gaoming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-8215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079634787","display_name":"Taijun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020484499","display_name":"Jifu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-9667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049296936","display_name":"Xiupu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-5397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiupu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087195506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0894,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77687479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"38185","last_page":"38194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7074325084686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearization","display_name":"Linearization","score":0.5861752033233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5380340218544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.48901304602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4556051790714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4484460949897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4451172947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.442058265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4139328598976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4113103747367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3618880808353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17418783903121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11511185765266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.09922206401824951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7074325084686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11210021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520713","display_name":"Linearization","level":3,"score":0.5861752033233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5380340218544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48901304602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4556051790714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4484460949897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4451172947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.442058265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4139328598976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4113103747367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3618880808353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17418783903121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11511185765266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.09922206401824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906370","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cc65cc96fd5487b9f27c050d7171368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cc65cc96fd5487b9f27c050d7171368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 38185-38194 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906370","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2017172772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1809203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2271025714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"615012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2817046933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345583428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6808754920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8231500712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322605","funder_display_name":"Ningbo University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322605","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337015","display_name":"K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2924545699.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2924545699.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976085989","https://openalex.org/W1991777572","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2075444547","https://openalex.org/W2096739177","https://openalex.org/W2121645118","https://openalex.org/W2127526675","https://openalex.org/W2161181093","https://openalex.org/W2169041475","https://openalex.org/W2169079211","https://openalex.org/W2171395034","https://openalex.org/W2335035052","https://openalex.org/W2547913988","https://openalex.org/W2573587735","https://openalex.org/W2573803224","https://openalex.org/W2739107216","https://openalex.org/W2770446450","https://openalex.org/W2782104277","https://openalex.org/W2974760584","https://openalex.org/W3015751240","https://openalex.org/W6628852983","https://openalex.org/W6654428883","https://openalex.org/W6685082232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112081258","https://openalex.org/W1480343695","https://openalex.org/W2315892906","https://openalex.org/W4384026382","https://openalex.org/W98805669","https://openalex.org/W2392214114","https://openalex.org/W2792514479","https://openalex.org/W1978532702","https://openalex.org/W1973326588","https://openalex.org/W169484559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,24,29,36,40,51,64,72,75,80,83,96,102,106,110,118,132,139,142,187,196,199,209,213,218,224,231,235,238],"memory":[4,27,65,103,107,189,225],"effect":[5],"compensated":[6],"digital":[7],"pre-distortion":[8],"(DPD)":[9],"has":[10],"been":[11],"widely":[12],"used":[13,59,193],"for":[14,60,172],"linearizing":[15],"wideband":[16,146],"radio":[17],"frequency":[18,180],"power":[19],"amplifiers":[20],"(RF-PAs).":[21],"However,":[22],"with":[23,67,151,164,177,221],"increase":[25],"of":[26,39,74,82,101,131,141,154,167,181,198,217,237],"depth,":[28],"DPD":[30,41,76,84,111,214,219],"model":[31,77,85,112,191,220],"becomes":[32],"more":[33],"accurate,":[34],"but":[35],"computational":[37],"complexity":[38,81],"is":[42,54,86,92,192],"significantly":[43,87],"increased.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"an":[48,178],"approach":[49],"using":[50],"attention":[52,90],"mechanism":[53,91],"proposed,":[55],"which":[56,122,233],"can":[57],"be":[58,114],"locating":[61],"and":[62,157,183,204,212,222],"eliminating":[63],"terms":[66,108],"a":[68,144,152,158,165],"small":[69],"contribution":[70],"to":[71,94,194],"performance":[73,216],"so":[78],"that":[79,208],"reduced.":[88],"The":[89,202],"employed":[93,171],"obtain":[95],"weighted":[97,133],"correlation":[98,134],"coefficient":[99,135],"matrix":[100],"effect.":[104],"And":[105],"in":[109],"will":[113],"retained":[115],"only":[116],"if":[117],"contributions":[119],"are":[120,123,170,228],"high,":[121],"evaluated":[124],"by":[125],"ensemble":[126],"averaging":[127],"over":[128],"each":[129],"diagonal":[130],"matrix.":[136],"To":[137],"verify":[138,195],"applicability":[140],"approach,":[143],"three-carrier":[145],"code-division":[147],"multiple":[148],"access":[149],"signals":[150],"bandwidth":[153,166],"15":[155],"MHz":[156,169],"single":[159],"carrier":[160],"long-term":[161],"evaluation":[162],"signal":[163],"20":[168],"testing":[173],"two":[174],"Doherty":[175],"RF-PAs":[176],"operating":[179],"460":[182],"1900":[184],"MHz.":[185],"Moreover,":[186],"generalized":[188],"polynomial":[190],"effectiveness":[197,236],"proposed":[200,239],"approach.":[201,240],"simulation":[203],"experimental":[205],"results":[206],"show":[207],"modeling":[210],"accuracy":[211],"linearization":[215],"without":[223],"term":[226],"reduction":[227],"all":[229],"almost":[230],"same,":[232],"indicates":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
