{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923077656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906362","title":"SAR Image Invariant Feature Extraction by Anisotropic Diffusion and Multi-Gray Level Simplified PCNN","display_name":"SAR Image Invariant Feature Extraction by Anisotropic Diffusion and Multi-Gray Level Simplified PCNN","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923077656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906362","mag":"2923077656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672056.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079032021","display_name":"Guangjie Kou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-1838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangjie Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101842071","display_name":"Jun Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6458-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073862103","display_name":"Yunyan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ludong University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ludong University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686407","display_name":"Qingjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3516-1514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527027","display_name":"Zhiwang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079032021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74362098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"47135","last_page":"47142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8096588850021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.7376139163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6890150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6805251836776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6700481176376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.6654918789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5519397854804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5371907353401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4898814558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4361557364463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4133800268173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23415705561637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1245364248752594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8096588850021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.7376139163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6890150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6805251836776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6700481176376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.6654918789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5519397854804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5371907353401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4898814558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4361557364463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4133800268173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23415705561637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1245364248752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62ecdd25f1c84f0f9f71d5013813b8fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62ecdd25f1c84f0f9f71d5013813b8fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 47135-47142 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1307759247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2696157397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G366134115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017PF010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3738503180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017MF010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3883836693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017MF035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4777272168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5111044066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017MF062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5340283605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61100115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G535369434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017MF0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7791556199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016ZH061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327070","funder_display_name":"Yantai Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7834590407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61100115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8325761694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8619470884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61877061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327070","display_name":"Yantai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923077656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923077656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013298831","https://openalex.org/W2026420882","https://openalex.org/W2070788440","https://openalex.org/W2109701261","https://openalex.org/W2122775658","https://openalex.org/W2123806610","https://openalex.org/W2130094715","https://openalex.org/W2149959126","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2167634460","https://openalex.org/W2323138499","https://openalex.org/W2376512128","https://openalex.org/W2488622715","https://openalex.org/W2519560949","https://openalex.org/W2562436907","https://openalex.org/W2769946540","https://openalex.org/W2783072931","https://openalex.org/W2789310401","https://openalex.org/W2792569430","https://openalex.org/W2801272453","https://openalex.org/W6731182385","https://openalex.org/W6748207274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2016481886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Besides":[0],"the":[1,9,24,31,34,46,56,82,99,103,110,118,122,139,155,164,175,188,197,201,207,212,216,228],"target":[2,89],"in":[3,13,49,78,85,142],"synthetic":[4],"aperture":[5],"radar":[6],"(SAR)":[7],"image,":[8],"structural":[10],"information":[11,47,84],"remained":[12,48,140,156],"speckle":[14,50,114,124,141,157],"and":[15,51,88,116,166,173,200,205,221],"shadow":[16,52],"is":[17,41,53,59,76,128,183],"also":[18],"very":[19],"important":[20],"when":[21,55,93],"we":[22,94,136,195],"extract":[23],"invariant":[25,100,178,213],"feature":[26,101,179,214],"of":[27,33,102,113,154,190,215,223],"SAR":[28,63,104,144,176,217],"image.":[29],"However,":[30],"output":[32],"classical":[35,57],"pulse":[36],"coupled":[37],"neural":[38],"network":[39],"(PCNN)":[40],"a":[42,70],"binary":[43],"value.":[44],"All":[45,81],"lost,":[54],"PCNN":[58,74],"used":[60,129],"to":[61,97,108,146,158],"process":[62],"image":[64,177],"directly.":[65],"To":[66],"overcome":[67],"this":[68,79],"problem,":[69],"multi-gray":[71],"level":[72],"simplified":[73],"(MSPCNN)":[75],"proposed":[77],"paper.":[80],"useful":[83,119],"speckle,":[86],"shadow,":[87],"can":[90,137,167],"be":[91,168],"considered":[92],"use":[95,206],"MSPCNN":[96],"compute":[98],"target.":[105,218],"In":[106],"order":[107],"suppress":[109],"negative":[111,152],"influence":[112,153],"noise":[115],"keep":[117,138],"structured":[120],"information,":[121],"improved":[123],"reducing":[125],"algorithm":[126],"(SRAD)":[127],"first.":[130],"By":[131],"an":[132,147],"adaptive":[133],"threshold":[134],"delt0,":[135],"different":[143,159,191],"images":[145],"ideal":[148],"same":[149,165],"level.":[150],"The":[151,219],"targets'":[160],"signature":[161,192,199,203],"becomes":[162],"basically":[163],"ignored.":[169],"Combining":[170],"with":[171],"SRAD":[172],"MSPCNN,":[174],"extraction":[180],"scheme":[181],"AD-MSPCNN":[182,224],"put":[184],"forward.":[185],"After":[186],"analyzing":[187],"performance":[189],"computing":[193],"methods,":[194],"splice":[196],"time":[198],"entropy":[202],"together":[204],"new":[208],"spliced":[209],"vector":[210],"as":[211],"validity":[220],"robustness":[222],"are":[225],"proved":[226],"by":[227],"experimental":[229],"results":[230],"on":[231],"MSTAR":[232],"database.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}