{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923338490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906330","title":"Direct Positioning Method of Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Based on 5G Massive MIMO System","display_name":"Direct Positioning Method of Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Based on 5G Massive MIMO System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923338490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906330","mag":"2923338490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672065.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075962650","display_name":"Ke Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7308-3244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027472964","display_name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-2687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-2687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102222671","display_name":"Zhongliang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074702375","display_name":"Lu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027056509","display_name":"Lingjie Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjie Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84853244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"72170","last_page":"72181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7250638008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6104214787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.5680924654006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5679256319999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.5663495063781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5402851104736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5343835353851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5264813899993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4743213355541229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4427906274795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43632930517196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33183553814888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.21615886688232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2077661156654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17776399850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14669585227966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12926119565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09536927938461304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7250638008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6104214787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.5680924654006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5679256319999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5663495063781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5402851104736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5343835353851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5264813899993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4743213355541229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4427906274795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43632930517196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33183553814888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.21615886688232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2077661156654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17776399850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14669585227966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12926119565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09536927938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68e349c45bc2468d9030ff71bedb77ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68e349c45bc2468d9030ff71bedb77ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 72170-72181 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08672065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4740109490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923338490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923338490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W286667266","https://openalex.org/W1982975813","https://openalex.org/W2017740780","https://openalex.org/W2019492706","https://openalex.org/W2033332370","https://openalex.org/W2042308583","https://openalex.org/W2045740791","https://openalex.org/W2075170373","https://openalex.org/W2089619278","https://openalex.org/W2091570515","https://openalex.org/W2109958193","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2115485558","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2124461956","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2469797310","https://openalex.org/W2526438570","https://openalex.org/W2593683299","https://openalex.org/W2744366673","https://openalex.org/W2792442555","https://openalex.org/W2794641574","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963809637","https://openalex.org/W3000793462","https://openalex.org/W3007988615","https://openalex.org/W6610363852","https://openalex.org/W6774075936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258106632","https://openalex.org/W2900608567","https://openalex.org/W2786742173","https://openalex.org/W1977989201","https://openalex.org/W2770110807","https://openalex.org/W2954228414","https://openalex.org/W4384927734","https://openalex.org/W4281294611","https://openalex.org/W2995988144","https://openalex.org/W3118190411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,14,30,35,45,53,63,70,78,86,93,103,110,114,118,126,144,149,163,166,176,194],"increasingly":[2],"complex":[3],"urban":[4],"environment":[5],"and":[6,48,59,96,125,159,190],"ultra-dense":[7],"network":[8],"in":[9,19,34,148],"fifth":[11],"generation":[12],"communication,":[13],"problem":[15,164],"of":[16,81,105,165,179,197],"near-field":[17,57,94,158],"errors":[18],"angular":[20],"positioning":[21,72,83,146,151,168,195],"has":[22,185],"become":[23],"gradually":[24],"prominent.":[25],"In":[26],"order":[27],"to":[28,68,91,117,131,142,188,200],"apply":[29,143],"azimuth":[31],"detecting":[32],"method":[33,147,184],"future":[36],"network,":[37],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"presents":[40],"a":[41,139],"novel":[42],"algorithm":[43,155],"for":[44,102],"massive":[46],"multi-input":[47],"multi-output":[49],"system":[50],"by":[51,113,171],"dividing":[52],"base":[54,107],"stations":[55],"into":[56,123],"ones":[58],"far-field":[60,106,160],"ones.":[61],"First,":[62],"stationary":[64],"beam-forming":[65],"is":[66,100,121],"utilized":[67],"fit":[69,92],"coarse":[71,150],"architecture":[73],"we":[74,137],"proposed,":[75],"which":[76,156,192],"determines":[77],"searching":[79,140],"zone":[80],"direct":[82,145],"method.":[84,181],"Then,":[85],"fourth-order":[87],"cumulants":[88],"are":[89,129],"derived":[90],"model":[95],"an":[97],"adaptive":[98],"weight":[99],"calculated":[101],"association":[104],"stations.":[108],"Meanwhile,":[109],"error":[111,169],"caused":[112,170],"longitudinal":[115],"array":[116],"plane":[119],"angle":[120,178],"taken":[122],"account":[124],"linear":[127],"weights":[128],"used":[130],"avoid":[132],"multi-peak":[133],"hopping":[134],"errors.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"build":[138],"formula":[141],"zone.":[152],"The":[153],"developed":[154],"combines":[157],"can":[161],"solve":[162],"increasing":[167],"5G":[172],"intensive":[173],"cell":[174],"with":[175],"pure":[177],"arrival":[180],"Furthermore,":[182],"our":[183],"some":[186,201],"resistance":[187],"multipath":[189],"non-line-of-sight,":[191],"improves":[193],"performance":[196],"municipal":[198],"hotspots":[199],"extent.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
