{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921324918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904337","title":"Natural Answer Generation With Attention Over Instances","display_name":"Natural Answer Generation With Attention Over Instances","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921324918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904337","mag":"2921324918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664579.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103141505","display_name":"Mengxi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-0880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-0880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354571","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-2710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7962694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"61008","last_page":"61017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8525985479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7551206350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.619663655757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5531163811683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questions-and-answers","display_name":"Questions and answers","score":0.5026617050170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.49747875332832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4943273067474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4932839274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4601922333240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.4408773183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.43846559524536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43774253129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4193785786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3865465819835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22586199641227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07232329249382019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8525985479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7551206350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.619663655757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5531163811683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019144022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4124998","display_name":"Questions and answers","level":2,"score":0.5026617050170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49747875332832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4943273067474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4932839274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4601922333240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.4408773183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.43846559524536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43774253129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4193785786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3865465819835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22586199641227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07232329249382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4fe75cd02e844451bf57727019cb6c7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4fe75cd02e844451bf57727019cb6c7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 61008-61017 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132779740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1003804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5184079587","display_name":"EDSOA\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61372115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7408889733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1400603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921324918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921324918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80422862","https://openalex.org/W159716948","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1499095794","https://openalex.org/W1552554059","https://openalex.org/W1976502741","https://openalex.org/W2036100275","https://openalex.org/W2057415299","https://openalex.org/W2108325777","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2133975759","https://openalex.org/W2136939460","https://openalex.org/W2147838496","https://openalex.org/W2157063199","https://openalex.org/W2171278097","https://openalex.org/W2192410469","https://openalex.org/W2278131208","https://openalex.org/W2514077680","https://openalex.org/W2515462165","https://openalex.org/W2578606145","https://openalex.org/W2584356431","https://openalex.org/W2740107682","https://openalex.org/W2741252866","https://openalex.org/W2800990398","https://openalex.org/W2803299344","https://openalex.org/W2808064329","https://openalex.org/W2920528119","https://openalex.org/W2962965405","https://openalex.org/W2963260202","https://openalex.org/W2963450096","https://openalex.org/W2963546833","https://openalex.org/W2964165364","https://openalex.org/W4300715914","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6606554324","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6633169762","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6680230698","https://openalex.org/W6683677673","https://openalex.org/W6732271930","https://openalex.org/W6737901847","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6747549664","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W4226441484","https://openalex.org/W4200327291","https://openalex.org/W3157284875","https://openalex.org/W4318200345","https://openalex.org/W4226470070","https://openalex.org/W2123359227","https://openalex.org/W2778162043","https://openalex.org/W3192083251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"answer":[1],"generation":[2],"(NAG)":[3],"is":[4,46],"more":[5,7],"and":[6,61,98,133,137,173],"popular":[8],"in":[9,48,164,169,175],"real-world":[10],"knowledge":[11],"base":[12],"question":[13,53,92,110,131],"answering":[14],"(KBQA)":[15],"systems":[16],"for":[17],"being":[18],"able":[19],"to":[20,40,86,90,103,108,143],"automatically":[21],"generate":[22],"natural":[23],"language":[24],"answers":[25,57,89,107,121],"with":[26],"structured":[27],"KB.":[28],"Large-scale":[29],"community":[30,153],"QA-pairs":[31],"crawled":[32],"from":[33,65],"the":[34,66,106,112,120,123,127,130,134,144,150,160,165,170,176],"Internet":[35],"could":[36],"be":[37],"directly":[38],"used":[39,102],"train":[41],"NAG":[42,62],"models.":[43],"However,":[44],"it":[45],"pervasive":[47],"these":[49,73],"datasets":[50],"that":[51,157],"one":[52,109],"may":[54],"contain":[55],"multiple":[56],"of":[58,69,72,83],"varied":[59],"quality,":[60],"models":[63],"suffer":[64],"simple":[67],"principle":[68],"equal":[70],"treatment":[71],"answers.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this":[77],"problem,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"two":[81],"kinds":[82],"attention-based":[84],"algorithms":[85],"handle":[87],"all":[88,126],"a":[91,94],"at":[93],"time.":[95],"Selective":[96],"attention":[97,117],"self-attention":[99,138],"mechanisms":[100],"are":[101],"dynamically":[104],"weight":[105,119,140],"during":[111],"training":[113],"process.":[114],"Specifically,":[115],"selective":[116],"methods":[118,139],"using":[122],"relationships":[124],"between":[125],"KB":[128],"objects":[129],"needs":[132],"generated":[135],"answers,":[136],"them":[141],"according":[142],"generating":[145],"difficulty.":[146],"The":[147],"experiments":[148],"on":[149],"public":[151],"open-domain":[152],"QA":[154],"dataset":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"Selective-ATT":[158],"outperforms":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"by":[162],"10.53%":[163],"entity":[166],"accuracy,":[167],"9.34%":[168],"BLEU":[171],"score,":[172],"1.19%":[174],"Rouge":[177],"score.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}