{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921672085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904322","title":"Robust and Efficient Energy Harvested-Aware Routing Protocol With Clustering Approach in Body Area Networks","display_name":"Robust and Efficient Energy Harvested-Aware Routing Protocol With Clustering Approach in Body Area Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921672085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904322","mag":"2921672085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904322","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664573.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013365496","display_name":"Zahid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-4293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029628910","display_name":"Imran Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-286X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110628089","display_name":"Tamleek Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamleek Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504317","display_name":"Naveed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038070084","display_name":"Fahim Niaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8366-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Niaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794082","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013365496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91201806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"33906","last_page":"33921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.728640079498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6861069798469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6655776500701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5578784942626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.49619656801223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4631798565387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4506811797618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-area-network","display_name":"Body area network","score":0.43153998255729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.42066049575805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4135749936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.3949181139469147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37472301721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3536967635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13545703887939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12955299019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07978370785713196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.728640079498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6861069798469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6655776500701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5578784942626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.49619656801223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4631798565387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4506811797618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88737568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890056","display_name":"Body area network","level":3,"score":0.43153998255729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.42066049575805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4135749936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3949181139469147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37472301721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3536967635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13545703887939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12955299019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07978370785713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904322","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:131881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/131881/1/EH_RCB.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed671f7d495349968a4d2b0cb37bfbcf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed671f7d495349968a4d2b0cb37bfbcf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 33906-33921 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904322","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08664573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921672085.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921672085.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653818250","https://openalex.org/W1502509746","https://openalex.org/W1523228572","https://openalex.org/W1924830338","https://openalex.org/W2004493464","https://openalex.org/W2008872430","https://openalex.org/W2060336156","https://openalex.org/W2088658245","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2112320278","https://openalex.org/W2182132145","https://openalex.org/W2245024984","https://openalex.org/W2258255519","https://openalex.org/W2318451197","https://openalex.org/W2342324971","https://openalex.org/W2345172119","https://openalex.org/W2365287200","https://openalex.org/W2367459645","https://openalex.org/W2412353053","https://openalex.org/W2499990136","https://openalex.org/W2512342335","https://openalex.org/W2532717352","https://openalex.org/W2537850368","https://openalex.org/W2549203583","https://openalex.org/W2560486825","https://openalex.org/W2574770767","https://openalex.org/W2585273599","https://openalex.org/W2588130448","https://openalex.org/W2598535282","https://openalex.org/W2604163108","https://openalex.org/W2606853459","https://openalex.org/W2607732607","https://openalex.org/W2741973377","https://openalex.org/W2787607455","https://openalex.org/W2791989512","https://openalex.org/W2796984145","https://openalex.org/W2801959066","https://openalex.org/W2894558023","https://openalex.org/W2899935910","https://openalex.org/W2904810497","https://openalex.org/W6704943220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141892890","https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W2889393088","https://openalex.org/W2118924146","https://openalex.org/W2084708142","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W4285196759","https://openalex.org/W2738887004","https://openalex.org/W2889514476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"body":[1],"area":[2,40,100],"network":[3,66,70,194,200],"(WBAN)":[4],"is":[5,57,103,106,124],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,22,50,55,115,190],"the":[8,51,109,113,119,135,141,186,191],"specialized":[9],"branches":[10],"wireless":[12],"sensor":[13],"networks":[14,101],"(WSNs),":[15],"which":[16,123],"draws":[17],"attention":[18],"from":[19],"various":[20],"fields":[21],"science,":[23],"such":[24,68],"as":[25,36,69],"medicine,":[26],"engineering,":[27],"physics,":[28],"biology,":[29],"and":[30,46,77,89,145,152,163,177,199],"computer":[31],"science.":[32],"It":[33,105],"has":[34,157],"emerged":[35],"an":[37],"important":[38,53],"research":[39],"contributing":[41],"to":[42,111,167],"sports,":[43],"social":[44],"welfare,":[45],"medical":[47],"treatment.":[48],"One":[49],"most":[52],"technologies":[54],"WBANs":[56,116],"routing":[58,62],"technology.":[59],"For":[60],"efficient":[61,90],"in":[63,98,185,188],"WBANs,":[64],"multiple":[65],"operations,":[67],"stability,":[71,195],"throughput,":[72],"energy":[73,151],"efficiency,":[74],"end-to-end":[75,192],"delay,":[76],"packet":[78,196],"delivery":[79,197],"ratio,":[80,198],"must":[81],"be":[82],"considered.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"a":[87,182],"robust":[88],"Energy":[91],"Harvested-aware":[92],"Routing":[93],"protocol":[94],"with":[95,108,170],"Clustering":[96],"approach":[97],"Body":[99],"(EH-RCB)":[102],"proposed.":[104],"designed":[107],"intent":[110],"stabilize":[112],"operation":[114],"by":[117,161],"choosing":[118],"best":[120],"forwarder":[121],"node,":[122],"based":[125],"on":[126],"optimal":[127],"calculated":[128],"Cost":[129],"Function":[130],"(C.F).":[131],"The":[132,179],"C.F":[133],"considers":[134],"link":[136],"SNR,":[137],"required":[138],"transmission":[139],"power,":[140],"distance":[142],"between":[143],"nodes,":[144],"total":[146],"available":[147],"energy,":[148],"i.e.,":[149],"harvested":[150],"residual":[153],"energy.":[154],"Comprehensive":[155],"simulation":[156],"been":[158],"conducted,":[159],"supported":[160],"NS-2":[162],"C++":[164],"simulations":[165],"tools":[166],"compare":[168],"EH-RCB":[169,187],"existing":[171],"protocols":[172],"named":[173],"DSCB,":[174],"EERP,":[175],"RE-ATTEMPT,":[176],"EECBSR.":[178],"results":[180],"indicate":[181],"significant":[183],"improvement":[184],"terms":[189],"delay":[193],"throughput.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
