{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922442631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904174","title":"Improved K-Pass Pixel Value Ordering Based Data Hiding","display_name":"Improved K-Pass Pixel Value Ordering Based Data Hiding","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922442631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904174","mag":"2922442631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08666643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08666643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070111961","display_name":"Shaowei Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaowei Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-7699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419281","display_name":"Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-1759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014386711","display_name":"Bo Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-9955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038550838","display_name":"Chin\u2010Chen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Chen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439759","display_name":"Chunyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1525-1895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165225704","display_name":"Xizang Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042170a43","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5806,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91936795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"34570","last_page":"34582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.9535995721817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6773055791854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6655914187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.5202863812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.513020932674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.48544079065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4853755235671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47153836488723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4494009017944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.373369425535202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21026083827018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07373535633087158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.9535995721817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6773055791854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6655914187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.5202863812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.513020932674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48544079065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4853755235671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47153836488723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4494009017944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.373369425535202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21026083827018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07373535633087158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08666643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92ca207901db409e9c4102ea034ad871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92ca207901db409e9c4102ea034ad871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 34570-34582 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08666643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2322428716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4046032283","display_name":"\u533b\u5b66\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u57df\u4e0b\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u9c81\u68d2\u53ef\u9006\u6c34\u5370\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6564945696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016ZR-MZ-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6582799882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6708349579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017B030314131-15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337573","funder_display_name":"Information Technology Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7023509732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017B030314131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G893361021","display_name":"\u9002\u7528\u4e8eJPEG\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u9c81\u68d2\u53ef\u9006\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337573","display_name":"Information Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/0440c3437"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922442631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922442631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930150098","https://openalex.org/W1974641035","https://openalex.org/W1980644670","https://openalex.org/W1990962661","https://openalex.org/W2029623194","https://openalex.org/W2037377812","https://openalex.org/W2046448991","https://openalex.org/W2056340285","https://openalex.org/W2057395793","https://openalex.org/W2057982253","https://openalex.org/W2067674530","https://openalex.org/W2070482985","https://openalex.org/W2077655295","https://openalex.org/W2078607543","https://openalex.org/W2087293550","https://openalex.org/W2106950225","https://openalex.org/W2115924904","https://openalex.org/W2121036560","https://openalex.org/W2121393355","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2137288380","https://openalex.org/W2139849636","https://openalex.org/W2144088652","https://openalex.org/W2158986121","https://openalex.org/W2159026792","https://openalex.org/W2172990987","https://openalex.org/W2624424083","https://openalex.org/W2760859501","https://openalex.org/W2799871887","https://openalex.org/W2808626692","https://openalex.org/W2886736527","https://openalex.org/W2905556714","https://openalex.org/W6752786213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190769222","https://openalex.org/W2119567889","https://openalex.org/W2974782078","https://openalex.org/W2769668853","https://openalex.org/W32138105","https://openalex.org/W2907504581","https://openalex.org/W2312145515","https://openalex.org/W2172129722","https://openalex.org/W2211324754","https://openalex.org/W2042193908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"K-pass":[0],"pixel":[1,199],"value":[2],"ordering":[3],"(PVO)":[4],"is":[5,43,71,159,186,201,206,259],"an":[6,67],"effective":[7],"reversible":[8],"data":[9,100,141,212,228],"hiding":[10,101],"(RDH)":[11],"technique.":[12],"In":[13,39,216],"k-pass":[14,167,204,235],"PVO,":[15,205],"the":[16,27,41,47,51,58,78,86,111,118,125,150,153,171,175,188,193,196,242,251],"complexity":[17],"measurement":[18],"may":[19],"lead":[20],"to":[21,35,76,116,208,226],"a":[22,31,94,129,219,256],"weak":[23],"estimation":[24,119],"result":[25],"because":[26],"unaltered":[28],"pixels":[29,56,92,127,137,146,158,223],"in":[30,73,85,93,102,128,140,203,213,230],"block":[32,37,115],"are":[33,97,107,138,224],"excluded":[34,98],"estimate":[36],"complexity.":[38,123],"addition,":[40],"prediction-error":[42],"computed":[44],"without":[45],"considering":[46,170],"location":[48,172],"relationship":[49,173],"of":[50,121,174,183,222],"second":[52,59,176,197],"largest":[53,55,133,145,154,157,177,179,198],"and":[54,61,134,155,178,195],"or":[57],"smallest":[60,62,136],"pixels.":[63,180],"To":[64],"this":[65,74,114,185],"end,":[66],"improved":[68],"RDH":[69,105],"technique":[70],"proposed":[72,243],"paper":[75],"enhance":[77],"embedding":[79,247],"performance.":[80],"The":[81,181],"improvement":[82],"mainly":[83],"lies":[84],"following":[87],"two":[88],"aspects.":[89],"First,":[90],"some":[91,103],"block,":[95,130],"which":[96,200],"from":[99],"existing":[104],"methods,":[106],"exploited":[108],"together":[109],"with":[110,234,250],"neighborhood":[112],"surrounding":[113],"increase":[117],"accuracy":[120],"local":[122],"Second,":[124],"remaining":[126],"i.e.,":[131],"three":[132,135,144],"involved":[139],"embedding.":[142],"Taking":[143],"for":[147],"example,":[148],"when":[149,255],"difference":[151,189],"between":[152,192],"third":[156],"relatively":[160],"large":[161],"(e.g.,":[162],">":[163],"1),":[164],"we":[165],"improve":[166],"PVO":[168],"by":[169],"advantage":[182],"doing":[184],"that":[187,241],"valued":[190],"3":[191],"maximum":[194],"shifted":[202],"able":[207,225],"carry":[209,227],"1":[210],"bit":[211],"our":[214,231],"method.":[215],"other":[217],"words,":[218],"larger":[220,257],"amount":[221],"bits":[229],"scheme":[232],"compared":[233,249],"PVO.":[236],"Abundant":[237],"experimental":[238],"results":[239],"reveal":[240],"method":[244],"achieves":[245],"preferable":[246],"performance":[248],"previous":[252],"work,":[253],"especially":[254],"payload":[258],"required.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
