{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921088707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903554","title":"Blockchain in Industries: A Survey","display_name":"Blockchain in Industries: A Survey","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921088707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903554","mag":"2921088707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08662573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08662573.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011612176","display_name":"Jameela Al\u2010Jaroodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameela Al-Jaroodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049919004","display_name":"Nader Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middleware Technologies Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middleware Technologies Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":119.4095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":559,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99971817,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"36500","last_page":"36515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9022102355957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.8593760132789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7224822640419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672721266746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.5427002310752869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.44377368688583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.405460000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35545146465301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3543248772621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2702226936817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1268455684185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.0804034173488617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9022102355957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.8593760132789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7224822640419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672721266746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.5427002310752869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.44377368688583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.405460000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35545146465301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3543248772621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2702226936817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1268455684185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0804034173488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08662573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5315bd60cfd9495eac5eec53af4cfa0b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5315bd60cfd9495eac5eec53af4cfa0b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 36500-36515 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08662573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921088707.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921088707.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W2034423452","https://openalex.org/W2107274729","https://openalex.org/W2127761430","https://openalex.org/W2140277770","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2362247909","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2393994303","https://openalex.org/W2507423119","https://openalex.org/W2513577354","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2527800909","https://openalex.org/W2529288420","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2555456100","https://openalex.org/W2582141623","https://openalex.org/W2589660059","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2608006758","https://openalex.org/W2608329253","https://openalex.org/W2608926820","https://openalex.org/W2613111422","https://openalex.org/W2620636316","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2624953603","https://openalex.org/W2629433172","https://openalex.org/W2738885274","https://openalex.org/W2738959495","https://openalex.org/W2745621523","https://openalex.org/W2746990014","https://openalex.org/W2748264495","https://openalex.org/W2748692995","https://openalex.org/W2749029156","https://openalex.org/W2755153065","https://openalex.org/W2755904433","https://openalex.org/W2766555291","https://openalex.org/W2766800499","https://openalex.org/W2768224956","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2774802253","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2781790186","https://openalex.org/W2782919159","https://openalex.org/W2783114400","https://openalex.org/W2783275103","https://openalex.org/W2787594873","https://openalex.org/W2792850657","https://openalex.org/W2794647042","https://openalex.org/W2799059781","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2808250907","https://openalex.org/W2810038435","https://openalex.org/W2849101852","https://openalex.org/W2885100636","https://openalex.org/W2888711915","https://openalex.org/W2895478022","https://openalex.org/W2897024282","https://openalex.org/W2900804173","https://openalex.org/W2902164273","https://openalex.org/W2921712020","https://openalex.org/W2921728494","https://openalex.org/W2923900598","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2980524914","https://openalex.org/W3103765213","https://openalex.org/W3139005440","https://openalex.org/W4220942018","https://openalex.org/W4229815470","https://openalex.org/W6738571232","https://openalex.org/W6745865189","https://openalex.org/W6746873430","https://openalex.org/W6747965201","https://openalex.org/W6749548732","https://openalex.org/W6752391184","https://openalex.org/W6760550683","https://openalex.org/W6760846526","https://openalex.org/W6769016525","https://openalex.org/W6785558503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4289035754","https://openalex.org/W4378212253","https://openalex.org/W4221078281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0,68],"technologies":[1,89,127],"have":[2],"recently":[3],"come":[4],"to":[5,25,73,152,187,190],"the":[6,9,58,91,123,136,149,154,158],"forefront":[7],"of":[8,65,87,93,125,141,160,194],"research":[10],"and":[11,43,49,54,81,90,106,110,112,139],"industrial":[12,39,101,119,146,164,179],"communities":[13],"as":[14],"they":[15],"bring":[16],"potential":[17],"benefits":[18],"for":[19,162,174],"many":[20,31,100],"industries.":[21],"This":[22,133],"is":[23],"due":[24],"their":[26],"practical":[27],"capabilities":[28],"in":[29,37,96,144,177],"solving":[30],"issues":[32,76],"currently":[33],"inhibiting":[34],"further":[35],"advances":[36],"various":[38,178],"domains.":[40],"Securely":[41],"recording":[42],"sharing":[44],"transactional":[45,83],"data,":[46],"establishing":[47],"automated":[48],"efficient":[50],"supply":[51],"chain":[52,61],"processes,":[53],"enhancing":[55],"transparency":[56],"across":[57],"whole":[59],"value":[60],"are":[62,131,172,183],"some":[63,185],"examples":[64],"these":[66,75],"issues.":[67],"offers":[69],"an":[70],"effective":[71],"way":[72],"tackle":[74],"using":[77],"distributed,":[78],"shared,":[79],"secure,":[80],"permissioned":[82],"ledgers.":[84],"The":[85,166],"employment":[86],"blockchain":[88,126,143,161,176],"possibility":[92],"applying":[94],"them":[95],"different":[97,118,145,163],"situations":[98],"enables":[99],"applications":[102],"through":[103],"increased":[104],"efficiency":[105],"security;":[107],"enhanced":[108],"traceability":[109],"transparency;":[111],"reduced":[113],"costs.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116,195],"paper,":[117],"application":[120],"domains":[121],"where":[122],"use":[124],"has":[128],"been":[129],"proposed":[130],"reviewed.":[132],"paper":[134,150],"explores":[135],"opportunities,":[137],"benefits,":[138],"challenges":[140,186],"incorporating":[142],"applications.":[147,165],"Furthermore,":[148],"attempts":[151],"identify":[153],"requirements":[155],"that":[156,169],"support":[157],"implementation":[159],"review":[167],"reveals":[168],"several":[170],"opportunities":[171],"available":[173],"utilizing":[175],"sectors;":[180],"however,":[181],"there":[182],"still":[184],"be":[188],"addressed":[189],"achieve":[191],"better":[192],"utilization":[193],"technology.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}