{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916727613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901744","title":"Harmonic L2/L1 Norm for Bearing Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"Harmonic L2/L1 Norm for Bearing Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916727613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901744","mag":"2916727613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653282.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002279118","display_name":"Mingfang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingfang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058660988","display_name":"Zhenling Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenling Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Aerospace Information Processing and Application, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Aerospace Information Processing and Application, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091217409","display_name":"Hongyong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-9477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052580464","display_name":"Yu Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101754601","display_name":"Qiang Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-7266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Aerospace Information Processing and Application, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-7266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Aerospace Information Processing and Application, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002279118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.024,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86472166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"27313","last_page":"27321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurtosis","display_name":"Kurtosis","score":0.8229563236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.5390694737434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5172251462936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5151439905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.484137624502182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4559510350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-envelope","display_name":"Spectral envelope","score":0.44738107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42453688383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.2819746732711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22076773643493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19871297478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17463573813438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.14827322959899902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.8229563236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.5390694737434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5172251462936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5151439905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.484137624502182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4559510350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54926389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575188","display_name":"Spectral envelope","level":2,"score":0.44738107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42453688383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2819746732711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22076773643493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19871297478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17463573813438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.14827322959899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae6f93869165450c991cc9d71f34703c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae6f93869165450c991cc9d71f34703c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 27313-27321 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1178318905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20173333001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2679932377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LSU-KFJJ-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4081870416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LSU-KFJJ-2018-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6013065353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51675355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320987","display_name":"Curtin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916727613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916727613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W427289305","https://openalex.org/W1964511482","https://openalex.org/W1976479130","https://openalex.org/W1977221992","https://openalex.org/W1984516393","https://openalex.org/W1985110006","https://openalex.org/W1986789547","https://openalex.org/W1998813289","https://openalex.org/W2031454283","https://openalex.org/W2051861458","https://openalex.org/W2056240146","https://openalex.org/W2067376192","https://openalex.org/W2093849451","https://openalex.org/W2094241610","https://openalex.org/W2101255151","https://openalex.org/W2111854888","https://openalex.org/W2161219071","https://openalex.org/W2588926225","https://openalex.org/W2594265129","https://openalex.org/W2603051361","https://openalex.org/W2603304445","https://openalex.org/W2751891979","https://openalex.org/W2758113345","https://openalex.org/W2767809796","https://openalex.org/W2768148617","https://openalex.org/W2781219304","https://openalex.org/W2781930323","https://openalex.org/W2793807982","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2898531359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381516319","https://openalex.org/W2037499216","https://openalex.org/W1506384729","https://openalex.org/W4225568567","https://openalex.org/W4286378979","https://openalex.org/W2075698830","https://openalex.org/W3216026256","https://openalex.org/W3127045225","https://openalex.org/W2059891554","https://openalex.org/W3006400806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimal":[0],"frequency":[1,31,42,136,145,182],"band":[2,32,43,195],"selection":[3],"is":[4,24,35,48,57,69,80,96,103,155,165,177,200,211,228],"a":[5,28,74,186],"critical":[6],"step":[7],"of":[8,37,91,108,120,135,142,160,189,235],"envelope":[9,90,149,206],"analysis":[10],"for":[11,30,83],"bearing":[12,143,161],"fault":[13,85],"diagnosis.":[14],"In":[15,123],"order":[16],"to":[17,26,71,158,180,202],"select":[18],"the":[19,41,52,63,88,92,105,118,140,147,152,172,193,197,204,214,225,233],"most":[20],"informative":[21],"band,":[22],"it":[23,56,95,164],"necessary":[25],"define":[27],"criterion":[29],"evaluation.":[33],"Kurtosis":[34],"one":[36],"such":[38],"criteria,":[39],"and":[40,59,94,131],"with":[44,213],"largest":[45],"spectral":[46,67,77,100,109,112,121],"kurtosis":[47,68],"usually":[49],"regarded":[50],"as":[51,167],"optimal":[53,194],"one.":[54],"However,":[55],"experimentally":[58],"mathematically":[60],"proved":[61],"in":[62,73,87,146,171,218,232],"past":[64],"year":[65],"that":[66,99,224],"sensitive":[70],"outliers":[72],"signal.":[75],"Recently,":[76],"L2/L1":[78,101,113,133,169,175],"norm":[79,102,114,170,176],"formally":[81],"defined":[82,138],"characterizing":[84],"transients":[86],"squared":[89,148,205],"signal,":[93],"also":[97],"found":[98],"actually":[104],"square":[106],"root":[107],"kurtosis.":[110,122],"Thus,":[111],"still":[115],"suffers":[116],"from":[117,185],"drawback":[119,130],"this":[124,129],"paper,":[125],"however,":[126],"we":[127],"utilize":[128],"calculate":[132,203],"norms":[134],"bands":[137,183],"by":[139],"harmonics":[141,159],"characteristic":[144,162],"spectrum.":[150,207],"Since":[151],"new":[153],"calculation":[154],"closely":[156],"related":[157],"frequency,":[163],"named":[166],"harmonic":[168],"paper.":[173],"Harmonic":[174],"then":[178],"employed":[179],"evaluate":[181],"obtained":[184],"1/3-binary":[187],"tree":[188],"filter":[190],"banks.":[191],"After":[192],"selection,":[196],"filtered":[198],"signal":[199],"used":[201],"The":[208],"proposed":[209,226],"method":[210,217,227],"compared":[212],"fast":[215],"kurtogram":[216],"two":[219],"case":[220],"studies,":[221],"which":[222],"indicate":[223],"more":[229],"effective,":[230],"especially":[231],"presence":[234],"strong":[236],"non-Gaussian":[237],"noise.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
