{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916126237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901537","title":"Vector Cross Product-Based 2D-DOA and Polarization Estimation With \u201cLong\u201d Electric-Dipole Quint","display_name":"Vector Cross Product-Based 2D-DOA and Polarization Estimation With \u201cLong\u201d Electric-Dipole Quint","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916126237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901537","mag":"2916126237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901537","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653367.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653367.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334256","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-8489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-8489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406161","display_name":"Binbin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-4322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102325840","display_name":"Youqian Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YouQian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006443634","display_name":"Guimei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guimei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-6014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100904663","display_name":"Zhonghai Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghai Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006443634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8348,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71670525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"27075","last_page":"27085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-cosine","display_name":"Direction cosine","score":0.7871320247650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole","display_name":"Dipole","score":0.6849573254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.6252378821372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.589799165725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5205660462379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4549609422683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.42621734738349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-product","display_name":"Cross product","score":0.42463845014572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33563297986984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3185139298439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3107427954673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30157533288002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17710945010185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15273743867874146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9578719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518906","display_name":"Direction cosine","level":2,"score":0.7871320247650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.6849573254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6252378821372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.589799165725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5205660462379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4549609422683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.42621734738349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82927061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178192","display_name":"Cross product","level":2,"score":0.42463845014572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33563297986984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3185139298439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3107427954673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30157533288002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17710945010185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15273743867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901537","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653367.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4ea21b2fb1e4538b170d499be7d953d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4ea21b2fb1e4538b170d499be7d953d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 27075-27085 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2901537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901537","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08653367.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916126237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916126237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1966513624","https://openalex.org/W1971511219","https://openalex.org/W1981876595","https://openalex.org/W1990675518","https://openalex.org/W1997627434","https://openalex.org/W2032794423","https://openalex.org/W2067241938","https://openalex.org/W2077584999","https://openalex.org/W2087522395","https://openalex.org/W2096638964","https://openalex.org/W2101601786","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2114041604","https://openalex.org/W2120998230","https://openalex.org/W2134893878","https://openalex.org/W2140959322","https://openalex.org/W2143746649","https://openalex.org/W2150482079","https://openalex.org/W2156307414","https://openalex.org/W2163679811","https://openalex.org/W2167474835","https://openalex.org/W2171121239","https://openalex.org/W2253877443","https://openalex.org/W2515504510","https://openalex.org/W2559935502","https://openalex.org/W2752272942","https://openalex.org/W2790442319","https://openalex.org/W2804522423","https://openalex.org/W2805469488","https://openalex.org/W2805965996","https://openalex.org/W2963326253","https://openalex.org/W2964106337","https://openalex.org/W3104748625","https://openalex.org/W6692162116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763479778","https://openalex.org/W2941804803","https://openalex.org/W2125189458","https://openalex.org/W2028447204","https://openalex.org/W2371791300","https://openalex.org/W2529724870","https://openalex.org/W2918138729","https://openalex.org/W2925035763","https://openalex.org/W2163905823","https://openalex.org/W1992735946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dipole":[0],"antenna":[1],"elements":[2],"whose":[3],"physical":[4],"length":[5],"L":[6,53],"is":[7,43,194,240],"greater":[8,44],"than":[9,45],"or":[10],"equal":[11],"to":[12,171,213],"one-tenth":[13],"of":[14,47,64,84,103,128,134,143,150,165,179,183,217,230,236],"the":[15,62,82,119,125,139,144,148,151,156,160,163,166,180,184,189,197,203,226,237,243],"wavelength":[16],"\u03bb":[17,55],"are":[18,26,169,208],"generally":[19],"denoted":[20],"as":[21,210],"long":[22,69,107],"dipoles.":[23],"Such":[24],"radiators":[25,50],"more":[27],"useful":[28],"in":[29,78,92,109],"practical":[30],"polarization":[31,132],"sensitive":[32],"arrays":[33],"(PSAs)":[34],"for":[35,51,88,123,154],"electromagnetic":[36,66,136],"sensing":[37],"applications":[38],"because":[39],"their":[40],"radiation":[41],"efficiency":[42],"that":[46],"short":[48],"dipole":[49],"which":[52],"<;":[54],"/10.":[56],"Thus,":[57],"research":[58],"focused":[59],"on":[60,118],"estimating":[61,124,155],"parameters":[63,133],"unknown":[65,135],"sources":[67],"using":[68,196],"dipoles":[70,108],"has":[71],"attracted":[72],"considerable":[73],"attention":[74],"from":[75,225],"numerous":[76],"researchers":[77],"recent":[79],"years.":[80],"However,":[81],"development":[83],"PSAs":[85],"and":[86,113,131,186,220],"algorithms":[87],"this":[89,96],"purpose":[90],"remains":[91],"its":[93],"infancy.":[94],"In":[95],"paper,":[97],"we":[98],"propose":[99],"a":[100,110,211,215],"PSA":[101],"composed":[102],"five":[104],"spatially":[105],"non-collocated":[106],"centrosymmetric":[111],"configuration":[112],"apply":[114],"an":[115],"algorithm":[116,153,239],"based":[117],"vector":[120,168,198],"cross":[121,199],"product":[122,200],"2-D":[126],"direction":[127],"arrival":[129],"(2D-DOA)":[130],"sources.":[137],"First,":[138],"time-domain":[140],"rotational":[141],"invariance":[142],"received":[145],"data":[146],"facilitates":[147],"use":[149],"ESPRIT":[152],"steering":[157,167],"vector.":[158],"Second,":[159],"relationships":[161],"between":[162],"entries":[164],"employed":[170,209],"obtain":[172,214],"highly":[173,218],"accurate,":[174],"albeit":[175],"cyclically":[176,231],"ambiguous":[177,232],"estimates":[178,224],"directional":[181,222],"cosines":[182],"x-":[185],"y-axes.":[187],"Then,":[188],"coarse":[190],"2D-DOA":[191,205],"parameter":[192,206],"estimation":[193],"conducted":[195],"algorithm.":[201],"Finally,":[202],"course":[204],"estimations":[207],"reference":[212],"set":[216,229],"accurate":[219],"unambiguous":[221],"cosine":[223],"previously":[227],"determined":[228],"estimates.":[233],"The":[234],"effectiveness":[235],"proposed":[238],"verified":[241],"by":[242],"simulation":[244],"results.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
