{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920420505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900462","title":"Automatic Classification Method for Software Vulnerability Based on Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Automatic Classification Method for Software Vulnerability Based on Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920420505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900462","mag":"2920420505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2900462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08654631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08654631.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087649606","display_name":"Guoyan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669064","display_name":"Yazhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743351","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-1424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-1424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102869188","display_name":"Jiadong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-9133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076282777","display_name":"Yongqiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-7638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146155","display_name":"Hull Lifesaving Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/04dheyn57","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146155"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-7638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316","https://openalex.org/I4210146155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004741414","display_name":"Xiaolin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9741-2954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Software Security Engineering Technology, School of computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Software Security Engineering Technology, School of computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":12.3434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98538056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"28291","last_page":"28298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8009413480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6342042088508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5886547565460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5619492530822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5451954007148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5041168928146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.49928927421569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.48191049695014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4753541648387909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4737609028816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.4679378867149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4389202296733856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3596228361129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1889561116695404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8009413480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6342042088508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5886547565460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5619492530822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5451954007148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5041168928146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.49928927421569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.48191049695014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4753541648387909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4737609028816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4679378867149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4389202296733856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3596228361129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1889561116695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2900462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08654631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hull-repository.worktribe.com:1349667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/file/1349667/1/Article","pdf_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/1349667","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bfb2af46f294cb4a9c53296b5ccd6f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bfb2af46f294cb4a9c53296b5ccd6f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 28291-28298 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2900462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08654631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1280065511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0800700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2010031560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2487557999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0800700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870208150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3308100328","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u591a\u7ef4\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61472341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3328561311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4739227733","display_name":"\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u5b9e\u4f53\u6316\u6398\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5475440429","display_name":"\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u6a21\u5757\u7ed3\u6784\u6316\u6398\u53ca\u5176\u6f14\u5316\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6594200524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61807028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G659662973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7346421902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7698377972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016203330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8190866811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016203330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284590291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61807028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920420505.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920420505.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120838261","https://openalex.org/W1553724776","https://openalex.org/W1662133657","https://openalex.org/W2047468043","https://openalex.org/W2087329116","https://openalex.org/W2096029627","https://openalex.org/W2108564850","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2139805022","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2250473257","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2538706977","https://openalex.org/W2619114026","https://openalex.org/W2738594058","https://openalex.org/W2759071281","https://openalex.org/W2768556869","https://openalex.org/W2792943446","https://openalex.org/W2794016958","https://openalex.org/W2795170942","https://openalex.org/W2954587351","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6680622062","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6738614722","https://openalex.org/W6750005347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W3157230915","https://openalex.org/W3118510577","https://openalex.org/W2789975780","https://openalex.org/W2007895524","https://openalex.org/W2393340519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"vulnerabilities":[1],"are":[2,37],"the":[3,22,25,42,47,51,55,58,95,101,111,127,150,158,161,171],"root":[4],"causes":[5],"of":[6,24,50,57,105,123,149,160],"various":[7],"security":[8,48],"risks.":[9],"Once":[10],"a":[11,67],"vulnerability":[12,43,70,109,138,143],"is":[13,79,97,113,132],"exploited":[14],"by":[15],"malicious":[16],"attacks,":[17],"it":[18],"will":[19],"greatly":[20],"compromise":[21],"safety":[23],"system,":[26,52],"and":[27,53,62,90,103,169,187],"may":[28],"even":[29],"cause":[30],"catastrophic":[31],"losses.":[32],"Hence":[33],"automatic":[34,69,137],"classification":[35,71],"methods":[36],"desirable":[38],"to":[39,99,118,134,140,156,165],"effectively":[40],"manage":[41],"in":[44,178],"software,":[45],"improve":[46],"performance":[49,177],"reduce":[54],"risk":[56],"system":[59],"being":[60],"attacked":[61],"damaged.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"new":[68],"model":[72,78,131,173],"(TFI-DNN)":[73],"has":[74,153,174],"been":[75,154],"proposed.":[76],"The":[77,145],"built":[80],"upon":[81],"term":[82],"frequency-inverse":[83],"document":[84],"frequency":[85,102],"(TF-IDF),":[86],"information":[87],"gain":[88],"(IG),":[89],"deep":[91],"neural":[92,129],"network":[93,130],"(DNN):":[94],"TF-IDF":[96],"used":[98,114,133,155],"calculate":[100],"weight":[104],"each":[106],"word":[107],"from":[108],"description;":[110],"IG":[112],"for":[115],"feature":[116,124],"selection":[117],"obtain":[119],"an":[120,136],"optimal":[121],"set":[122],"word,":[125],"and;":[126],"DNN":[128],"construct":[135],"classifier":[139],"achieve":[141],"effective":[142],"classification.":[144],"National":[146],"Vulnerability":[147],"Database":[148],"United":[151],"States":[152],"validate":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"proposed":[162],"model.":[163],"Compared":[164],"SVM,":[166],"Naive":[167],"Bayes,":[168],"KNN,":[170],"TFI-DNN":[172],"achieved":[175],"better":[176],"multi-dimensional":[179],"evaluation":[180],"indexes":[181],"including":[182],"accuracy,":[183],"recall":[184],"rate,":[185],"precision,":[186],"F1-score.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
