{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913662467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897045","title":"Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories","display_name":"Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913662467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897045","mag":"2913662467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632912.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049919004","display_name":"Nader Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middleware Technologies Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middleware Technologies Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011612176","display_name":"Jameela Al\u2010Jaroodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameela Al-Jaroodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062289442","display_name":"Sanja Lazarova\u2010Molnar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanja Lazarova-Molnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-0863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":16.2149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99160833,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"18008","last_page":"18020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.6072508692741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5905221104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5712532997131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.521565854549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.5071754455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5021724700927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.46314001083374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.44654184579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.4434919059276581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3257729411125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18508777022361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1626015603542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0901222825050354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.6072508692741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5905221104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5712532997131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.521565854549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5071754455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5021724700927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.46314001083374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.44654184579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.4434919059276581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3257729411125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18508777022361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1626015603542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0901222825050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/f1a65cdd-7a6e-4d3b-86c4-441e9e0ca0c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/f1a65cdd-7a6e-4d3b-86c4-441e9e0ca0c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mohamed, N, Al-Jaroodi, J & Lazarova-Molnar, S 2019, 'Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories', IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 18008-18020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2897045","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82aaf7feb1d942d89b53245bdf02f0d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82aaf7feb1d942d89b53245bdf02f0d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 18008-18020 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913662467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913662467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182639051","https://openalex.org/W1529096173","https://openalex.org/W1548994925","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1585213982","https://openalex.org/W1964107122","https://openalex.org/W1968605868","https://openalex.org/W1981747091","https://openalex.org/W2002348443","https://openalex.org/W2004518908","https://openalex.org/W2006572999","https://openalex.org/W2014939786","https://openalex.org/W2019661219","https://openalex.org/W2026649765","https://openalex.org/W2029608738","https://openalex.org/W2043241354","https://openalex.org/W2070665593","https://openalex.org/W2084576452","https://openalex.org/W2084880958","https://openalex.org/W2089054587","https://openalex.org/W2089662726","https://openalex.org/W2089758604","https://openalex.org/W2095405984","https://openalex.org/W2107274729","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2118673178","https://openalex.org/W2120096609","https://openalex.org/W2127796375","https://openalex.org/W2129840796","https://openalex.org/W2129924558","https://openalex.org/W2140277770","https://openalex.org/W2161614569","https://openalex.org/W2239317391","https://openalex.org/W2241928397","https://openalex.org/W2253828178","https://openalex.org/W2254884657","https://openalex.org/W2346505350","https://openalex.org/W2473316807","https://openalex.org/W2513195681","https://openalex.org/W2519963258","https://openalex.org/W2575632971","https://openalex.org/W2577306951","https://openalex.org/W2605181596","https://openalex.org/W2622620450","https://openalex.org/W2624827580","https://openalex.org/W2663978029","https://openalex.org/W2754842815","https://openalex.org/W2758008772","https://openalex.org/W2782605947","https://openalex.org/W2782919159","https://openalex.org/W2789670226","https://openalex.org/W2805530822","https://openalex.org/W2901271685","https://openalex.org/W2907328779","https://openalex.org/W2921712020","https://openalex.org/W2922201309","https://openalex.org/W6607366908","https://openalex.org/W6744529621","https://openalex.org/W6760611867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945357379","https://openalex.org/W3003666232","https://openalex.org/W2981104449","https://openalex.org/W2474294994","https://openalex.org/W2903493206","https://openalex.org/W2902177743","https://openalex.org/W2785197507","https://openalex.org/W2963246290","https://openalex.org/W4312821896","https://openalex.org/W2744599860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Factories":[0],"use":[1],"many":[2,34,62],"manufacturing":[3,53,139,144,149],"processes":[4,54],"that":[5,116,134],"consume":[6],"a":[7,113,136,142,147,153],"lot":[8],"of":[9,20,23,86,120],"energy":[10,38,66],"and":[11,28,44,74,78,105,131,152],"highly":[12],"contribute":[13],"to":[14,36,52,157],"greenhouse":[15,106],"gas":[16,107],"emissions.":[17,108],"The":[18],"introduction":[19],"the":[21,49,56,84,118],"concept":[22],"Industrial":[24],"Internet":[25],"in":[26,31,40,68,90],"USA":[27],"Industry":[29,57,87],"4.0":[30,58,88],"Europe":[32],"offers":[33,127],"opportunities":[35,77],"reduce":[37,101],"consumption":[39,67],"these":[41,76,92,96],"factories.":[42,70],"Introducing":[43],"utilizing":[45],"smart":[46,69],"techniques":[47],"for":[48,64],"applications":[50],"pertinent":[51],"within":[55],"domain":[59],"can":[60],"offer":[61],"benefits":[63],"reducing":[65],"This":[71,80,109],"paper":[72,81,110,126],"investigates":[73],"discusses":[75,83],"benefits.":[79],"also":[82],"roles":[85],"technologies":[89],"enabling":[91,129],"opportunities.":[93,160],"Consequently,":[94],"introducing":[95],"capabilities":[97],"will":[98],"help":[99],"significantly":[100],"both":[102],"production":[103],"costs":[104],"then":[111],"provides":[112],"benefit":[114],"analysis":[115],"shows":[117],"advantages":[119],"such":[121,159],"leverage.":[122],"In":[123],"addition,":[124],"this":[125],"an":[128],"architecture":[130],"its":[132],"components":[133],"include":[135],"cyber-physical":[137],"system":[138],"services'":[140,145,150],"layer,":[141,146,151],"fog":[143],"cloud":[148],"blockchain-based":[154],"service-oriented":[155],"middleware":[156],"support":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
