{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914446816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897018","title":"Prototyping a Digital Twin for Real Time Remote Control Over Mobile Networks: Application of Remote Surgery","display_name":"Prototyping a Digital Twin for Real Time Remote Control Over Mobile Networks: Application of Remote Surgery","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914446816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897018","mag":"2914446816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632888.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632888.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074443675","display_name":"Heikki Laaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-3499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Laaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016015556","display_name":"Yoan Mich\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoan Miche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034426727","display_name":"Kari Tammi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Tammi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074443675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1563,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1685},"fwci":31.5656,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":336,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99697325,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"20325","last_page":"20336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7196665406227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4821200370788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.45505979657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4461544156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23604387044906616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7196665406227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4821200370788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45505979657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4461544156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23604387044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632888.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/37309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/5748bde5-9c83-4dc9-abc9-cc2b2b45bac9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31a10eb4531b454380e9ef88f1c2f8b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31a10eb4531b454380e9ef88f1c2f8b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 20325-20336 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632888.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326814","display_name":"Digital, Internet, Materials and Engineering Co-Creation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914446816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914446816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76008554","https://openalex.org/W86730287","https://openalex.org/W139131351","https://openalex.org/W196348592","https://openalex.org/W1500928582","https://openalex.org/W1590810061","https://openalex.org/W1593558380","https://openalex.org/W2037988980","https://openalex.org/W2046074714","https://openalex.org/W2062691475","https://openalex.org/W2071215013","https://openalex.org/W2083122891","https://openalex.org/W2111303254","https://openalex.org/W2165496536","https://openalex.org/W2179676493","https://openalex.org/W2254101695","https://openalex.org/W2263285882","https://openalex.org/W2535473786","https://openalex.org/W2592242643","https://openalex.org/W2620549857","https://openalex.org/W2772805003","https://openalex.org/W2791516919","https://openalex.org/W2800110289","https://openalex.org/W2807305644","https://openalex.org/W2890017719","https://openalex.org/W3101438646","https://openalex.org/W4236213393","https://openalex.org/W6662058050","https://openalex.org/W6752165422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,131,196],"concept":[1],"of":[2,12,20,58,94,115,134,166,179,187,198,209,223,272,294],"digital":[3],"twin":[4],"(DT)":[5],"has":[6],"emerged":[7],"to":[8,28,38,61,79,90,158,175],"enable":[9],"the":[10,17,56,71,81,92,160,164,167,177,188,199,210,217,230,250,258,292],"benefits":[11],"future":[13,64],"paradigms":[14],"such":[15,100],"as":[16,101],"industrial":[18],"Internet":[19],"Things":[21],"and":[22,33,50,112,117,119,129,138,182,191,213,221,241,276,297],"Industry":[23,295],"4.0.":[24],"idea":[26],"is":[27,66,205,286],"bring":[29],"every":[30,63],"data":[31],"source":[32],"control":[34],"interface":[35],"description":[36],"related":[37],"a":[39,45,59,86,97,122,135,147,171,233,287],"product":[40],"or":[41],"process":[42],"available":[43],"through":[44],"single":[46],"interface,":[47],"for":[48,74,125,201,238],"auto-discovery":[49],"automated":[51],"communication":[52,95,128,239],"establishment.":[53],"However,":[54,219],"designing":[55],"architecture":[57],"DT":[60,82,88,127,251,259],"serve":[62],"application":[65,99],"an":[67],"ambitious":[68],"task.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"prototyping":[72],"systems":[73],"specific":[75],"applications":[76],"are":[77,121],"required":[78],"design":[80],"incrementally.":[83],"We":[84],"developed":[85],"novel":[87],"prototype":[89],"analyze":[91],"requirements":[93],"in":[96,248,263,291],"mission-critical":[98],"mobile":[102,149],"networks":[103],"supported":[104],"remote":[105,203,224],"surgery.":[106],"Such":[107],"operations":[108],"require":[109],"low":[110],"latency":[111],"high":[113],"levels":[114],"security":[116],"reliability":[118],"therefore":[120],"perfect":[123],"subject":[124],"analyzing":[126],"cybersecurity.":[130],"system":[132,144,200,212],"comprised":[133],"robotic":[136],"arm":[137],"HTC":[139],"vive":[140],"virtual":[141],"reality":[142],"(VR)":[143],"connected":[145],"over":[146],"4G":[148],"network.":[150],"More":[151],"than":[152],"70":[153],"test":[154,176],"users":[155],"were":[156],"employed":[157],"assess":[159],"system.":[161,231],"To":[162],"address":[163],"cybersecurity":[165,243],"system,":[168],"we":[169,184,235,254],"incorporated":[170],"network":[172,180],"manipulation":[173],"module":[174],"effect":[178],"outages":[181],"attacks;":[183],"studied":[185],"state":[186],"art":[189],"practices":[190],"their":[192],"utilization":[193],"within":[194],"DTs.":[195],"capability":[197],"actual":[202],"surgery":[204],"limited":[206],"by":[207],"capabilities":[208],"VR":[211],"insufficient":[214],"feedback":[215],"from":[216],"robot.":[218],"simulations":[220],"research":[222],"surgeries":[225],"could":[226],"be":[227],"conducted":[228],"with":[229],"As":[232],"result,":[234],"propose":[236],"ideas":[237],"establishment":[240],"necessary":[242],"technologies":[244],"that":[245,256],"will":[246],"help":[247],"developing":[249,257],"architecture.":[252],"Furthermore,":[253],"concluded":[255],"requires":[260],"cross-disciplinary":[261],"development":[262],"several":[264],"different":[265],"engineering":[266],"fields.":[267],"Each":[268],"field":[269],"makes":[270],"use":[271],"its":[273],"own":[274],"tools":[275],"methods,":[277],"which":[278],"do":[279],"not":[280],"always":[281],"fit":[282],"together":[283],"perfectly.":[284],"This":[285],"potentially":[288],"major":[289],"obstacle":[290],"realization":[293],"4.0":[296],"similar":[298],"concepts.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}