{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912065849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897003","title":"Kernel Context Recommender System (KCR): A Scalable Context-Aware Recommender System Algorithm","display_name":"Kernel Context Recommender System (KCR): A Scalable Context-Aware Recommender System Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912065849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897003","mag":"2912065849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08633384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08633384.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039630654","display_name":"Misbah Iqbal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800328743","display_name":"BPP University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj7zv24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800328743"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Misbah Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["BPP Business School, BPP University, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BPP Business School, BPP University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800328743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103940041","display_name":"Mustansar Ali Ghazanfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-6273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustansar Ali Ghazanfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061908110","display_name":"Asma Sattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Sattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020654281","display_name":"Muazzam Maqsood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muazzam Maqsood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005717448","display_name":"Salabat Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salabat Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039355175","display_name":"Irfan Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072407810","display_name":"Sung Wook Baik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-7788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Wook Baik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Media Laboratory, Digital Contents Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Media Laboratory, Digital Contents Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039630654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800328743"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.3829,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97124151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"24719","last_page":"24737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.8856595754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8695818185806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.56810462474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5280916094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.49505749344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4717467725276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.445822149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3744238615036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35980382561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3588310480117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1674153208732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08017665147781372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.8856595754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8695818185806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.56810462474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5280916094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.49505749344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4717467725276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.445822149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3744238615036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35980382561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3588310480117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1674153208732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08017665147781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08633384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:roar.uel.ac.uk:8088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400937","display_name":"ROAR (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5de3ec5a4696407da7f62e5995ee9b1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5de3ec5a4696407da7f62e5995ee9b1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 24719-24737 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uel.ac.uk:844vv","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2897003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401301","display_name":"UEL Research Repository (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08633384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317310635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1C1B5086294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G626505518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912065849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912065849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124012131","https://openalex.org/W178247744","https://openalex.org/W1134274832","https://openalex.org/W1542664738","https://openalex.org/W1545654976","https://openalex.org/W1546447935","https://openalex.org/W1558086654","https://openalex.org/W1690919088","https://openalex.org/W1967836590","https://openalex.org/W1971040550","https://openalex.org/W1974196922","https://openalex.org/W1985951810","https://openalex.org/W1988970025","https://openalex.org/W1994389483","https://openalex.org/W1998889130","https://openalex.org/W1999039402","https://openalex.org/W1999047234","https://openalex.org/W2002834872","https://openalex.org/W2005064532","https://openalex.org/W2024964112","https://openalex.org/W2025605741","https://openalex.org/W2035720976","https://openalex.org/W2039717455","https://openalex.org/W2040974535","https://openalex.org/W2044683010","https://openalex.org/W2061716136","https://openalex.org/W2072405662","https://openalex.org/W2072992969","https://openalex.org/W2082404436","https://openalex.org/W2087184220","https://openalex.org/W2089349245","https://openalex.org/W2102937240","https://openalex.org/W2112430581","https://openalex.org/W2122090912","https://openalex.org/W2127480961","https://openalex.org/W2128070164","https://openalex.org/W2155106456","https://openalex.org/W2158978451","https://openalex.org/W2159094788","https://openalex.org/W2168100051","https://openalex.org/W2404905139","https://openalex.org/W2481733604","https://openalex.org/W2609105278","https://openalex.org/W2736162233","https://openalex.org/W2767781968","https://openalex.org/W2770324159","https://openalex.org/W2911438831","https://openalex.org/W6605075791","https://openalex.org/W6607256743","https://openalex.org/W6656757888","https://openalex.org/W6677671969","https://openalex.org/W6683171310","https://openalex.org/W6684824104","https://openalex.org/W6713363862","https://openalex.org/W6721977689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772628444","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W4220714703","https://openalex.org/W1484355083","https://openalex.org/W3008845055","https://openalex.org/W2098758514","https://openalex.org/W4376854386","https://openalex.org/W2202724490","https://openalex.org/W2508671622","https://openalex.org/W2556532874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommender":[0,150],"systems":[1],"are":[2],"intelligent":[3],"data":[4],"mining":[5],"applications":[6],"that":[7,102,162,209],"deal":[8],"with":[9,31,185],"the":[10,37,40,47,56,62,127,164,170,194,198,202,211,216],"issue":[11],"of":[12,36,64,130,139,166,218],"information":[13,172,213],"overload":[14],"significantly.":[15],"The":[16,34,78],"available":[17],"literature":[18,199],"discusses":[19],"several":[20,52],"methodologies":[21],"to":[22,60,86,200],"generate":[23],"recommendations":[24,65,89],"and":[25,124,157,168,187,221,225],"proposes":[26],"different":[27,134],"techniques":[28],"in":[29,39,197],"accordance":[30],"users'":[32],"needs.":[33],"majority":[35],"work":[38],"recommender":[41,83],"system":[42,84,220],"domain":[43],"focuses":[44],"on":[45,228],"increasing":[46],"recommendation":[48,204],"accuracy":[49,63],"by":[50,90],"employing":[51],"proposed":[53,143,183],"approaches":[54,189,196],"where":[55],"main":[57],"motive":[58],"remains":[59],"maximize":[61],"while":[66,176],"ignoring":[67],"other":[68],"design":[69],"objectives,":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72,190],"a":[73,82,99,109,144,154,219],"user's":[74,110],"an":[75,120],"item's":[76,121],"context.":[77],"biggest":[79],"challenge":[80],"for":[81,107],"is":[85,98,153],"produce":[87],"meaningful":[88,226],"using":[91,173],"contextual":[92,171,212],"user-item":[93],"rating":[94,128],"information.":[95],"A":[96],"context":[97,167],"vast":[100],"term":[101],"may":[103],"consider":[104],"various":[105,229],"aspects;":[106],"example,":[108],"social":[111],"circle,":[112],"time,":[113],"mood,":[114],"location,":[115,123],"weather,":[116],"company,":[117],"day":[118],"type,":[119],"genre,":[122],"language.":[125],"Typically,":[126],"behavior":[129],"users":[131],"varies":[132],"under":[133],"contexts.":[135],"From":[136],"this":[137],"line":[138],"research,":[140],"we":[141],"have":[142,180,192],"new":[145],"algorithm,":[146],"namely":[147],"Kernel":[148],"Context":[149],"System,":[151],"which":[152],"flexible,":[155],"fast,":[156],"accurate":[158],"kernel":[159,174],"mapping":[160],"framework":[161],"recognizes":[163],"importance":[165],"incorporates":[169],"trick":[175],"making":[177],"predictions.":[178],"We":[179],"benchmarked":[181],"our":[182],"algorithm":[184],"pre-":[186],"post-filtering":[188],"they":[191],"been":[193],"favorite":[195],"solve":[201],"context-aware":[203],"problem.":[205],"Our":[206],"experiments":[207],"reveal":[208],"considering":[210],"can":[214],"increase":[215],"performance":[217],"provide":[222],"better,":[223],"relevant,":[224],"results":[227],"evaluation":[230],"metrics.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}