{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913941036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","title":"Deep Belief Network Modeling for Automatic Liver Segmentation","display_name":"Deep Belief Network Modeling for Automatic Liver Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913941036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","mag":"2913941036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089254205","display_name":"Mubashir Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-1808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mubashir Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-1808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012390446","display_name":"Danni Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-0570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danni Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066718011","display_name":"Guiwang Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiwang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055311276","display_name":"Syed Furqan Qadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-054X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Furqan Qadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769854","display_name":"Hong Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057879818","display_name":"Yong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026250850","display_name":"Yongtian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-0888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongtian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643476","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089254205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.5351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97329592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"20585","last_page":"20595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8189647197723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7979381084442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6930079460144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6050337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.5475687384605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.544529139995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5185890197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.5161529779434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4982154369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.424976110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice","display_name":"Dice","score":0.42231035232543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41567671298980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08096367120742798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8189647197723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979381084442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6930079460144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6050337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.5475687384605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.544529139995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5185890197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5161529779434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4982154369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.424976110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.42231035232543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41567671298980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08096367120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e7c48d52f90457ca79249f591074360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e7c48d52f90457ca79249f591074360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 20585-20595 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5571824662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7420512615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81627803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22040386","https://openalex.org/W54845401","https://openalex.org/W1548531823","https://openalex.org/W1591577513","https://openalex.org/W1647860820","https://openalex.org/W1680164276","https://openalex.org/W1915761309","https://openalex.org/W1940516762","https://openalex.org/W1966364402","https://openalex.org/W1980010757","https://openalex.org/W1981620530","https://openalex.org/W1984876200","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1996565856","https://openalex.org/W2013488403","https://openalex.org/W2030861741","https://openalex.org/W2038231398","https://openalex.org/W2050542229","https://openalex.org/W2079422739","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2102336461","https://openalex.org/W2104276184","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2117737264","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2153431772","https://openalex.org/W2158362736","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2187281534","https://openalex.org/W2309471314","https://openalex.org/W2375506516","https://openalex.org/W2493022418","https://openalex.org/W2520016695","https://openalex.org/W2560809721","https://openalex.org/W2570420153","https://openalex.org/W2581055356","https://openalex.org/W2759354940","https://openalex.org/W2770637507","https://openalex.org/W2804043979","https://openalex.org/W2885590963","https://openalex.org/W2906395823","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6732323894","https://openalex.org/W6745943156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389060404","https://openalex.org/W2973136608","https://openalex.org/W3012828488","https://openalex.org/W4286233748","https://openalex.org/W4254054209","https://openalex.org/W4200334192","https://openalex.org/W4289129312","https://openalex.org/W4391935352","https://openalex.org/W2952835238","https://openalex.org/W4389946400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,58,116],"liver":[1,39,113,133,153],"segmentation":[2],"in":[3,114],"CT":[4,134],"scan":[5],"images":[6,120,148],"is":[7,66,78,108,156],"a":[8,15,49,79,87],"significant":[9],"step":[10],"toward":[11],"the":[12,33,75,95,112,123,161],"development":[13],"of":[14,61,160],"quantitative":[16],"biomarker":[17],"for":[18,38,51,90],"computer-aided":[19],"diagnosis.":[20],"In":[21,70],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,83],"propose":[25],"an":[26],"automatic":[27,104],"feature":[28,91],"learning":[29,73,77,92],"algorithm":[30,125,137],"based":[31,45],"on":[32,46,118,129,143,151],"deep":[34],"belief":[35],"network":[36],"(DBN)":[37],"segmentation.":[40],"proposed":[42,124],"method":[43,60,107],"was":[44],"training":[47],"by":[48],"DBN":[50],"unsupervised":[52],"pretraining":[53,62],"and":[54,63,100,131,146],"supervised":[55],"fine":[56,64],"tuning.":[57],"whole":[59],"tuning":[65],"known":[67],"as":[68,86],"DBN-DNN.":[69],"traditional":[71],"machine":[72],"algorithms,":[74],"pixel-by-pixel":[76],"time-consuming":[80],"task;":[81],"therefore,":[82],"use":[84],"blocks":[85],"basic":[88],"unit":[89],"to":[93,110],"identify":[94],"liver,":[96],"which":[97,155],"saves":[98],"memory":[99],"computational":[101],"time.":[102],"An":[103],"active":[105],"contour":[106],"applied":[109],"refine":[111],"post-processing.":[115],"experiments":[117],"test":[119],"show":[121],"that":[122],"obtained":[126],"satisfactory":[127],"results":[128],"healthy":[130],"pathological":[132,152],"images.":[135],"Our":[136],"achieved":[138],"94.80%":[139],"Dice":[140],"similarity":[141],"coefficient":[142],"mixed":[144],"(healthy":[145],"pathological)":[147],"while":[149],"91.83%":[150],"images,":[154],"better":[157],"than":[158],"those":[159],"state-of-the-art":[162],"methods.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}