{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911913754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896911","title":"Enhancement of Perivascular Spaces Using Densely Connected Deep Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Enhancement of Perivascular Spaces Using Densely Connected Deep Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911913754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896911","mag":"2911913754","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30956927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632900.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045525623","display_name":"Euijin Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Euijin Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038323415","display_name":"Philip Chikontwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Chikontwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059535270","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-6948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006302877","display_name":"Weili Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-8204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weili Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000937401","display_name":"Dinggang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-5698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinggang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea","Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440925","display_name":"Sang Hyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045525623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0703,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85503558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"18382","last_page":"18391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12552","display_name":"Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7051352262496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6624611020088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perivascular-space","display_name":"Perivascular space","score":0.5889964699745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5011634826660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3229495882987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.09352332353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08194208145141602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7051352262496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6624611020088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777799939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711381","display_name":"Perivascular space","level":2,"score":0.5889964699745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5011634826660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3229495882987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.09352332353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08194208145141602}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30956927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30956927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d9aa1cc45134d1d93198723b8fb8136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d9aa1cc45134d1d93198723b8fb8136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 18382-18391 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5434063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6448784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08632900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G178781995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20001533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","funder_display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6225209897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1D1A1B0704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7797631080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1D1A1B07044473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8011125346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1D1A1B0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G970323502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20001533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992484961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/02w030k33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9cwa38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2911913754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2911913754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1731947656","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1891275126","https://openalex.org/W1948176961","https://openalex.org/W1966073395","https://openalex.org/W1969055182","https://openalex.org/W1974438823","https://openalex.org/W1978636950","https://openalex.org/W2030827970","https://openalex.org/W2111713854","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2127890285","https://openalex.org/W2127919543","https://openalex.org/W2130256616","https://openalex.org/W2136573752","https://openalex.org/W2150081556","https://openalex.org/W2164003839","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2300278878","https://openalex.org/W2321286752","https://openalex.org/W2323566945","https://openalex.org/W2709402577","https://openalex.org/W2745006834","https://openalex.org/W2745023142","https://openalex.org/W2766690574","https://openalex.org/W2780544323","https://openalex.org/W2782945719","https://openalex.org/W2789713147","https://openalex.org/W2794800073","https://openalex.org/W2892369416","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963671574","https://openalex.org/W2964024004","https://openalex.org/W3098848838","https://openalex.org/W6750629454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3206394487","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3153602765","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perivascular":[0],"spaces":[1],"(PVS)":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,46,51,88,94,124,127],"human":[5],"brain":[6,11],"are":[7],"related":[8],"to":[9,17,21,43,82,122],"various":[10],"diseases.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15,100,118],"difficult":[16],"quantify":[18],"them":[19],"due":[20],"their":[22],"thin":[23],"and":[24,85],"blurry":[25],"appearance.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,54],"introduce":[31],"a":[32,38,56,108],"deep-learning-based":[33],"method,":[34],"which":[35],"can":[36,74],"enhance":[37,123],"magnetic":[39],"resonance":[40],"(MR)":[41],"image":[42],"better":[44],"visualize":[45],"PVS.":[47],"To":[48],"accurately":[49],"predict":[50],"enhanced":[52],"image,":[53],"propose":[55],"very":[57],"deep":[58,95],"3D":[59],"convolutional":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62,117],"that":[63,114],"contains":[64],"densely":[65],"connected":[66],"networks":[67,73],"with":[68],"skip":[69],"connections.":[70],"The":[71,97,111],"proposed":[72,98,116],"utilize":[75],"rich":[76],"contextual":[77],"information":[78],"derived":[79],"from":[80],"low-level":[81],"high-level":[83],"features":[84],"effectively":[86],"alleviate":[87],"gradient":[89],"vanishing":[90],"problem":[91],"caused":[92],"by":[93,107],"layers.":[96],"method":[99],"evaluated":[101],"on":[102],"17":[103],"7T":[104],"MR":[105],"images":[106],"twofold":[109],"cross-validation.":[110],"experiments":[112],"show":[113],"our":[115],"much":[119],"more":[120],"effective":[121],"PVS":[125,129],"than":[126],"previous":[128],"enhancement":[130],"methods.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
