{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913860854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896696","title":"RF Fingerprinting of IoT Devices Based on Transient Energy Spectrum","display_name":"RF Fingerprinting of IoT Devices Based on Transient Energy Spectrum","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913860854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896696","mag":"2913860854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089833397","display_name":"Memduh K\u00f6se","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-4542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204483917","display_name":"Ahi Evran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrfpt58","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Memduh Kose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Research and Application Center, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-4542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Research and Application Center, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050772462","display_name":"Sel\u00e7uk Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-2960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selcuk Tascioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-2960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081520641","display_name":"Ziya Telatar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1146-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziya Telatar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.5196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97704353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"18715","last_page":"18726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7597222328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5625865459442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5029284358024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.48135119676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.44718751311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.42043086886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41601887345314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.41528600454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.41193562746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41120946407318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41067689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3247276842594147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32107239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1830924153327942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7597222328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5625865459442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5029284358024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48135119676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.44718751311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42043086886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41601887345314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41528600454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.41193562746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41120946407318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41067689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3247276842594147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32107239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1830924153327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67b7c7e0e1ea4fe7a908d29d464f3973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67b7c7e0e1ea4fe7a908d29d464f3973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 18715-18726 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58365991","https://openalex.org/W149856647","https://openalex.org/W598429723","https://openalex.org/W607505555","https://openalex.org/W1506281249","https://openalex.org/W1874399837","https://openalex.org/W1970247550","https://openalex.org/W1976842305","https://openalex.org/W1992237225","https://openalex.org/W2000093279","https://openalex.org/W2006208855","https://openalex.org/W2010481082","https://openalex.org/W2012166391","https://openalex.org/W2031081839","https://openalex.org/W2035832838","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2083804560","https://openalex.org/W2096773124","https://openalex.org/W2101686135","https://openalex.org/W2104927807","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2118151299","https://openalex.org/W2130671348","https://openalex.org/W2137371772","https://openalex.org/W2155372100","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2156711827","https://openalex.org/W2159126760","https://openalex.org/W2164162938","https://openalex.org/W2172227025","https://openalex.org/W2402043120","https://openalex.org/W2485005749","https://openalex.org/W2763093808","https://openalex.org/W2782931788","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2803989302","https://openalex.org/W2899522979","https://openalex.org/W2900041522","https://openalex.org/W4229897592","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W4236362309","https://openalex.org/W4244748642","https://openalex.org/W4249545676","https://openalex.org/W6602364729","https://openalex.org/W6683549911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2377725363","https://openalex.org/W3128021027","https://openalex.org/W3160713586","https://openalex.org/W3201472348","https://openalex.org/W2144192793","https://openalex.org/W4246102100","https://openalex.org/W1031168204","https://openalex.org/W2570625548","https://openalex.org/W2115329839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1],"(RF)":[2],"fingerprinting":[3,29],"is":[4,37,41,70,86,115,133,151,181],"considered":[5],"as":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,19,33,47,57,64,92,97,110,129,161,174],"the":[9,17,44,48,78,89,93,111,130,154,158,175,178],"promising":[10],"techniques":[11],"to":[12,67],"enhance":[13],"wireless":[14,34,58],"security":[15],"in":[16],"Internet":[18],"Things":[20],"(IoT)":[21],"applications.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"a":[26,73,104,123,136],"low-complexity":[27],"RF":[28],"method":[30,40],"for":[31,142],"classification":[32,159],"IoT":[35],"devices":[36,59],"proposed.":[38],"The":[39,62,126],"based":[42,76],"on":[43,77],"energy":[45],"spectrum":[46],"transmitter":[49,98],"turn-on":[50],"transient":[51,80],"signals":[52],"from":[53,88],"which":[54,100],"unique":[55],"characteristics":[56,96],"are":[60,101],"extracted.":[61],"number":[63],"spectral":[65,113,131],"components":[66],"be":[68],"used":[69],"determined":[71],"through":[72,103,146],"proposed":[74,112,155,179],"approach":[75],"estimated":[79],"duration":[81,84],"value.":[82],"Transient":[83],"estimation":[85],"achieved":[87],"smoothed":[90],"versions":[91],"instantaneous":[94],"amplitude":[95],"signals,":[99],"obtained":[102],"sliding":[105],"windowaveraging":[106],"method.":[107],"Classification":[108],"performance":[109,160],"fingerprints":[114,132,156,164,180],"assessed":[116],"using":[117,177],"experimental":[118],"data":[119],"and":[120,140],"described":[121],"by":[122,135],"confusion":[124],"matrix.":[125],"discrimination":[127],"effectiveness":[128],"quantified":[134],"class":[137],"separability":[138],"criterion":[139],"evaluated":[141],"different":[143],"noise":[144],"levels":[145],"Monte":[147],"Carlo":[148],"simulations.":[149],"It":[150],"demonstrated":[152],"that":[153],"outperform":[157],"two":[162],"existing":[163],"especially":[165],"at":[166],"low":[167],"signal-to-noise":[168],"ratio.":[169],"Additionally,":[170],"computational":[171],"complexity":[172],"analysis":[173],"classifier":[176],"provided.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}