{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912135847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896003","title":"A Combination Method for Android Malware Detection Based on Control Flow Graphs and Machine Learning Algorithms","display_name":"A Combination Method for Android Malware Detection Based on Control Flow Graphs and Machine Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912135847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896003","mag":"2912135847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629067.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015787649","display_name":"Zhuo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-2864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-2864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034806641","display_name":"Haoran Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103196715","display_name":"Meng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012016098","display_name":"Jianfeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-1143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.9921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99577435,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"21235","last_page":"21245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8390028476715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7435628175735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.6373577117919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6005789041519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5474340915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.5155210494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.42669016122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.387351930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3869600296020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29518014192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.27296701073646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15779322385787964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8390028476715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7435628175735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.6373577117919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6005789041519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5474340915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.5155210494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.42669016122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.387351930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3869600296020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29518014192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27296701073646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15779322385787964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fc540f5383d409eb63c231db14e35a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fc540f5383d409eb63c231db14e35a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 21235-21245 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2896003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2896003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1033608059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1764263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474490597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111 Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3763360118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G536100224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673329116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7146170115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912135847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912135847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12154863","https://openalex.org/W124941384","https://openalex.org/W1491356120","https://openalex.org/W1580559113","https://openalex.org/W1629811776","https://openalex.org/W1865564993","https://openalex.org/W1912565424","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W1988541877","https://openalex.org/W1999728176","https://openalex.org/W2001487532","https://openalex.org/W2056388267","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2092942461","https://openalex.org/W2101834106","https://openalex.org/W2114275288","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2122932578","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2142145056","https://openalex.org/W2142827986","https://openalex.org/W2236355131","https://openalex.org/W2399891510","https://openalex.org/W2407313496","https://openalex.org/W2408129138","https://openalex.org/W2487124337","https://openalex.org/W2568897335","https://openalex.org/W2599823825","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2619422284","https://openalex.org/W2620844046","https://openalex.org/W2766662076","https://openalex.org/W2767094836","https://openalex.org/W2799349239","https://openalex.org/W2889207897","https://openalex.org/W2904056191","https://openalex.org/W2963989339","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W6629234534","https://openalex.org/W6639024520","https://openalex.org/W6640059210","https://openalex.org/W6678406428","https://openalex.org/W6712192629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2507113366","https://openalex.org/W2591124010","https://openalex.org/W3200508744","https://openalex.org/W3025122950","https://openalex.org/W2311926078","https://openalex.org/W2895504842","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297","https://openalex.org/W4398198220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Android":[0,30,41,88],"malware":[1,42,89],"severely":[2],"threaten":[3],"system":[4],"and":[5,17,26,74,96,112,116,136,151,155],"user":[6],"security":[7],"in":[8,167],"terms":[9],"of":[10,23,57,118,126,158],"privilege":[11],"escalation,":[12],"remote":[13],"control,":[14],"tariff":[15],"theft,":[16],"privacy":[18],"leakage.":[19],"Therefore,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,106],"great":[24],"importance":[25],"necessity":[27],"to":[28,60],"detect":[29],"malware.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,168],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,51,69],"present":[36],"a":[37,123],"combination":[38],"method":[39],"for":[40,87,108],"detection":[43,85,90,120,145,149],"based":[44],"on":[45,65,79,132],"the":[46,53,58,66,114,159,164],"machine":[47],"learning":[48],"algorithm.":[49],"First,":[50],"construct":[52,71],"control":[54],"flow":[55],"graph":[56],"application":[59],"obtain":[61],"API":[62,67,92,94,97],"information.":[63],"Based":[64,78],"information,":[68],"innovatively":[70],"Boolean,":[72],"frequency,":[73,95],"time-series":[75],"data":[76,82],"sets.":[77],"these":[80],"three":[81,84],"sets,":[83],"models":[86,121],"regarding":[91],"calls,":[93],"sequence":[98],"aspects":[99],"are":[100,161],"constructed.":[101],"Ultimately,":[102],"an":[103],"ensemble":[104],"model":[105,146],"constructed":[107],"conformity.":[109],"We":[110],"tested":[111],"compared":[113],"accuracy":[115,154],"stability":[117],"our":[119,144],"through":[122],"large":[124],"number":[125],"experiments.":[127],"The":[128,140],"experiments":[129],"were":[130],"conducted":[131],"10010":[133],"benign":[134],"applications":[135],"10683":[137],"malicious":[138],"applications.":[139],"results":[141,160],"show":[142],"that":[143],"achieves":[147],"98.98%":[148],"precision":[150],"has":[152],"high":[153],"stability.":[156],"All":[157],"consistent":[162],"with":[163],"theoretical":[165],"analysis":[166],"paper.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}