{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914570919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895613","title":"Analysis of Freeway Secondary Crashes With a Two-Step Method by Loop Detector Data","display_name":"Analysis of Freeway Secondary Crashes With a Two-Step Method by Loop Detector Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914570919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895613","mag":"2914570919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2895613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895613","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629025.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071015895","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037722828","display_name":"Yanyong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-2673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072820659","display_name":"Chengcheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071015895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84496747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"22884","last_page":"22890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash","display_name":"Crash","score":0.6356209516525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5908036231994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5000293254852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.46945708990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elasticity","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","score":0.4680611193180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.4471047520637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-traffic","display_name":"Road traffic","score":0.41038772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39850175380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36711227893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3271210491657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32708996534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.23723682761192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20309439301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.164761483669281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.6356209516525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5908036231994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5000293254852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.46945708990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4680611193180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4471047520637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985695025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4323994","display_name":"Road traffic","level":2,"score":0.41038772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39850175380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36711227893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3271210491657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32708996534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.23723682761192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20309439301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.164761483669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2895613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895613","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9491378694c4a42952e49a6783f32a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9491378694c4a42952e49a6783f32a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 22884-22890 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2895613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895613","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08629025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2608658026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G31460423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYLX_0173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","funder_display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3330683666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71701046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","funder_display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3333065702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYLX_0173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G398814827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M571644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4773769105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71701046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4858719874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M571644l","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5024664874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M571644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5612697103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6269860938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T1104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6363216881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYLX_0173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6841858795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M571644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","funder_display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7492517983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YBJJ1533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8038539196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYLX_","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","funder_display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8397251821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71701046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G916446911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242018R20003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914570919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914570919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117853693","https://openalex.org/W196060386","https://openalex.org/W790205139","https://openalex.org/W1485147006","https://openalex.org/W1979314379","https://openalex.org/W1996695148","https://openalex.org/W2011411842","https://openalex.org/W2016840500","https://openalex.org/W2050641483","https://openalex.org/W2055446630","https://openalex.org/W2056234056","https://openalex.org/W2064029057","https://openalex.org/W2069260283","https://openalex.org/W2083386008","https://openalex.org/W2095769804","https://openalex.org/W2195989306","https://openalex.org/W2508952991","https://openalex.org/W2790297009","https://openalex.org/W2792180719","https://openalex.org/W2884649948","https://openalex.org/W2886005246","https://openalex.org/W2892954034","https://openalex.org/W6604718566","https://openalex.org/W6607982182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026516036","https://openalex.org/W626940945","https://openalex.org/W2040826996","https://openalex.org/W375763875","https://openalex.org/W2111579573","https://openalex.org/W120748129","https://openalex.org/W2061344455","https://openalex.org/W2744235150","https://openalex.org/W2062105804","https://openalex.org/W4226159326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-step":[1],"identification":[2,58],"method":[3],"of":[4,16,107,111,124,138,147],"secondary":[5],"crashes":[6],"(SCs)":[7],"is":[8],"developed":[9],"in":[10,35,132],"this":[11],"paper,":[12],"and":[13,55,73,94,163],"the":[14,20,32,40,44,49,56,69,77,83,90,105,108,119,122,130,133,139,144,148,155,164],"effects":[15],"traffic":[17],"variables":[18],"on":[19,23,76],"SC":[21,57,92,95,120],"risks":[22],"freeways":[24],"are":[25,87,172],"captured.":[26],"Crash-related":[27],"data":[28],"were":[29,46],"obtained":[30],"from":[31],"I-880":[33],"freeway":[34],"California,":[36],"USA.":[37],"Combined":[38],"with":[39,129],"speed":[41,53,114,159],"contour":[42],"map,":[43],"SCs":[45],"identified":[47],"by":[48],"real":[50],"shock":[51],"wave":[52],"index":[54],"index.":[59],"The":[60,79,136],"random":[61],"effect":[62],"logit":[63],"regression":[64],"was":[65],"applied":[66],"to":[67],"analyze":[68],"significantly":[70,84],"contributing":[71,85,126],"factors":[72,86,127],"their":[74],"mechanism":[75],"SCs.":[78],"results":[80,137],"showed":[81,142],"that":[82,143],"different":[88],"between":[89],"initial":[91],"model":[93],"models":[96],"(Threshold":[97],"=":[98],"20mile/h,":[99],"15mile/h,":[100],"10mile/h,":[101],"5mile/h),":[102],"except":[103],"for":[104],"variable":[106],"standard":[109],"deviation":[110],"30-s":[112,157,166],"vehicle":[113,158,167],"during":[115,160,169],"5-10":[116,161,170],"min.":[117],"In":[118],"models,":[121],"number":[123],"significant":[125],"increases":[128],"increase":[131],"threshold":[134],"value.":[135],"elasticity":[140,145],"analysis":[141],"values":[146],"hit":[149],"object":[150],"crash,":[151],"wet":[152],"surface":[153],"road,":[154],"average":[156,165],"min,":[162],"count":[168],"min":[171],"greater":[173],"than":[174],"10%.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
