{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913266431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2893935","title":"Modeling of Structure Landmark for Indoor Pedestrian Localization","display_name":"Modeling of Structure Landmark for Indoor Pedestrian Localization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913266431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2893935","mag":"2913266431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2893935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2893935","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631021.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819677","display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-8366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7726996","display_name":"Henan University of Economic and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/000jtc944","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-8366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625604","display_name":"Xing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-1408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404067","display_name":"Qingquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-6046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033711071","display_name":"Zhixiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88740217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"15654","last_page":"15668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8994432687759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7688157558441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7094201445579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6746985912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5115262269973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4935990571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.48663172125816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.4864923357963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.4834097623825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-matching","display_name":"Map matching","score":0.44837531447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43610766530036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.43041738867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.18389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16452878713607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1457214057445526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8994432687759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7688157558441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7094201445579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6746985912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5115262269973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4935990571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48663172125816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.4864923357963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.4834097623825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1892023","display_name":"Map matching","level":3,"score":0.44837531447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43610766530036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.43041738867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.18389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16452878713607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1457214057445526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2893935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2893935","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f07e4eaa48ce4d25b05386d28d503f58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f07e4eaa48ce4d25b05386d28d503f58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 15654-15668 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2893935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2893935","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08631021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1657397222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20170412105839839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2568034326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18S03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326938","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2742116900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G331358818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20170412105839839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326908","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4013617024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","funder_display_name":"Wuhan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4765969998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G631363666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41301511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8471927933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A030313289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326908","display_name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326938","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913266431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913266431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1416401655","https://openalex.org/W1505196692","https://openalex.org/W1519594923","https://openalex.org/W1983761498","https://openalex.org/W1986377638","https://openalex.org/W1991441353","https://openalex.org/W1992501660","https://openalex.org/W1996678116","https://openalex.org/W2006540669","https://openalex.org/W2017230080","https://openalex.org/W2024720822","https://openalex.org/W2043502923","https://openalex.org/W2054602086","https://openalex.org/W2058888576","https://openalex.org/W2061824965","https://openalex.org/W2065684931","https://openalex.org/W2074614040","https://openalex.org/W2074719126","https://openalex.org/W2079155847","https://openalex.org/W2089649030","https://openalex.org/W2090795630","https://openalex.org/W2099136733","https://openalex.org/W2099817569","https://openalex.org/W2106917970","https://openalex.org/W2107774107","https://openalex.org/W2116851763","https://openalex.org/W2120824934","https://openalex.org/W2138226387","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2172209411","https://openalex.org/W2244101296","https://openalex.org/W2325261190","https://openalex.org/W2328524975","https://openalex.org/W2334524368","https://openalex.org/W2525126726","https://openalex.org/W2597256890","https://openalex.org/W2600069438","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2738494209","https://openalex.org/W2744793037","https://openalex.org/W2753406302","https://openalex.org/W2788453142","https://openalex.org/W2789885793","https://openalex.org/W2792576649","https://openalex.org/W2806338852","https://openalex.org/W2807661678","https://openalex.org/W2991350525","https://openalex.org/W2995911094","https://openalex.org/W6630489261","https://openalex.org/W6631325901","https://openalex.org/W6654638461","https://openalex.org/W6666694921","https://openalex.org/W6701939723","https://openalex.org/W6703031263","https://openalex.org/W6734902313","https://openalex.org/W6751766019","https://openalex.org/W6752676756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2026924879","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2052388267","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W1983907630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,159,180],"decreasing":[1],"of":[2,54,97,130,138,147,167,203],"accumulative":[3,38,144],"error":[4,146,184],"is":[5,42,120,196],"a":[6,60,85,115,211],"key":[7],"issue":[8],"for":[9],"various":[10],"multi-sensor":[11],"fusion-based":[12],"indoor":[13,65,94,125,208],"localization":[14,25,66,126,145,183,209],"systems":[15],"that":[16,163],"employ":[17],"pedestrian":[18],"dead":[19],"reckoning":[20],"(PDR)":[21],"to":[22,35,44,71,108,123,155,198],"improve":[23],"their":[24,98],"performance.":[26],"Current":[27],"studies":[28],"mainly":[29],"use":[30],"activity-based":[31],"map":[32,63],"matching":[33,150,176],"(AMM)":[34],"prevent":[36],"the":[37,52,110,131,135,143,151,156,164,168,175,191,199],"error.":[39],"However,":[40],"it":[41],"vulnerable":[43],"mismatch":[45],"problems,":[46],"which":[47,80],"are":[48,81,90],"usually":[49],"caused":[50],"by":[51,113,149],"randomness":[53],"human":[55],"activities.":[56],"This":[57,101,140],"paper":[58,102],"proposes":[59],"structure":[61,111,153,169],"landmark":[62,170],"matching-based":[64],"approach.":[67],"Structure":[68],"landmarks":[69,89,112,154],"refer":[70],"special":[72],"spatial":[73],"structures":[74],"(e.g.,":[75],"intersections,":[76],"corridors,":[77],"or":[78,134],"corners),":[79],"visually":[82,91],"salient":[83],"in":[84,93],"local":[86],"environment.":[87],"These":[88],"recognizable":[92],"spaces":[95],"because":[96],"distinct":[99],"shapes.":[100],"integrates":[103],"visual":[104],"and":[105,174,205],"inertial":[106],"information":[107],"recognize":[109],"using":[114],"Bayesian":[116],"classifier.":[117],"An":[118],"algorithm":[119],"also":[121],"proposed":[122],"realize":[124,207],"without":[127],"prior":[128],"knowledge":[129],"initial":[132],"location":[133],"turning":[136,201],"angles":[137],"people.":[139],"approach":[141,195],"decreases":[142],"PDR":[148],"detected":[152],"ground-truth":[157],"values.":[158],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"showed":[162],"identification":[165],"accuracy":[166,177],"was":[171,178,185],"about":[172,186],"90%":[173],"92%.":[179],"mean":[181],"off-line":[182],"1.2":[187],"m.":[188],"Compared":[189],"with":[190,210],"AMM-based":[192],"method,":[193],"this":[194],"robust":[197],"random":[200],"activities":[202],"people":[204],"can":[206],"faster":[212],"convergence":[213],"speed.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}