{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910985966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","title":"A Specification-Based Semi-Formal Functional Verification Method by a Stage Transition Graph Model","display_name":"A Specification-Based Semi-Formal Functional Verification Method by a Stage Transition Graph Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910985966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","mag":"2910985966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031574429","display_name":"Zhao Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644317","display_name":"Shuming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892107","display_name":"Tingrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-8497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101877535","display_name":"Yaohua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-5535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaohua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031574429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48939773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"14947","last_page":"14958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8458256721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8344104290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.6927801966667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.6486595869064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-verification","display_name":"Functional verification","score":0.5924966931343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.587921142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5445655584335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4515896141529083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.42694517970085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-test-pattern-generation","display_name":"Automatic test pattern generation","score":0.42201653122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.38105490803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35387444496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15331271290779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09586447477340698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8458256721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8344104290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.6927801966667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.6486595869064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.5924966931343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.587921142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5445655584335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4515896141529083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.42694517970085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17626397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837455","display_name":"Automatic test pattern generation","level":3,"score":0.42201653122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38105490803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35387444496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15331271290779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09586447477340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b202cb9998294500afd7bfe08a2b82b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b202cb9998294500afd7bfe08a2b82b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 14947-14958 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5130250829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201406071125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7839473050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61376109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8292636780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1800067117008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536496556","https://openalex.org/W1560050980","https://openalex.org/W1917325995","https://openalex.org/W1984733309","https://openalex.org/W2012262513","https://openalex.org/W2023777102","https://openalex.org/W2023808162","https://openalex.org/W2060461359","https://openalex.org/W2074371713","https://openalex.org/W2104771751","https://openalex.org/W2115180022","https://openalex.org/W2124618076","https://openalex.org/W2127005882","https://openalex.org/W2127936537","https://openalex.org/W2152889194","https://openalex.org/W2155479111","https://openalex.org/W2157685154","https://openalex.org/W2166226604","https://openalex.org/W2769101645","https://openalex.org/W2798776451","https://openalex.org/W2986444891","https://openalex.org/W4244102356","https://openalex.org/W6630053826","https://openalex.org/W6633342049","https://openalex.org/W6750178824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145025660","https://openalex.org/W2171674700","https://openalex.org/W1922520186","https://openalex.org/W1903167137","https://openalex.org/W2049993111","https://openalex.org/W2045204345","https://openalex.org/W1950421680","https://openalex.org/W2034589735","https://openalex.org/W2020416949","https://openalex.org/W1544097700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,75,115],"semi-formal":[1,70,77,169],"verification":[2,29],"method,":[3],"in":[4,92],"which":[5],"the":[6,12,17,27,37,56,61,89,93,107,112,156,160],"functionality":[7,130],"is":[8,14,53],"formally":[9,87],"specified":[10],"and":[11,47,125,135],"checking":[13],"undertaken":[15],"through":[16],"formal":[18,38,57],"model-based":[19],"simulation,":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"a":[23,68,80],"promising":[24],"choice":[25],"for":[26,72,131,144],"functional":[28,73,157],"of":[30,129],"hardware":[31],"designs.":[32,137],"existing":[34],"methods":[35],"derive":[36,55],"model":[39,58,85],"from":[40,60,159],"design":[41],"implementation.":[42],"This":[43],"causes":[44],"poor":[45],"scalability":[46],"practicality.":[48],"A":[49],"more":[50],"feasible":[51],"solution":[52],"to":[54,86,105],"directly":[59],"specification.":[62,94],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,96,139],"propose":[67,97],"specification-based":[69],"method":[71,78,104,119,152],"verification.":[74,146],"proposed":[76,116],"uses":[79],"stage":[81],"transition":[82],"graph":[83],"(STG)":[84],"describe":[88],"function":[90],"points":[91],"Meanwhile,":[95],"an":[98,141],"automatic":[99,145],"test":[100,108],"pattern":[101],"generation":[102],"(ATPG)":[103],"generate":[106],"vectors":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111],"STG":[113],"model.":[114],"STG-based":[117,142],"ATPG":[118],"can":[120,153],"reach":[121],"possible":[122],"corner":[123],"cases":[124],"ensure":[126],"exhaustive":[127],"exploration":[128],"both":[132],"control-dominated":[133],"designs":[134],"data-dominated":[136],"Moreover,":[138],"develop":[140],"tool":[143],"Our":[147],"experiments":[148],"show":[149],"that":[150],"our":[151],"automatically":[154],"verify":[155],"correctness":[158],"specification":[161],"while":[162],"achieving":[163],"similar":[164],"code":[165],"coverage":[166],"as":[167],"implementation-based":[168],"approaches.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
