{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909448390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","title":"EEG Processing in Internet of Medical Things Using Non-Harmonic Analysis: Application and Evolution for SSVEP Responses","display_name":"EEG Processing in Internet of Medical Things Using Non-Harmonic Analysis: Application and Evolution for SSVEP Responses","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909448390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","mag":"2909448390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033471660","display_name":"Dongbao Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongbao Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-4134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463528","display_name":"Hongwei Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801481043","display_name":"Jiangsu Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/031zps173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801481043"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801481043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018695298","display_name":"Yuta Takashima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuta Takashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091090034","display_name":"Takuro Nishio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuro Nishio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067929519","display_name":"Kanna Hirobayashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanna Hirobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065284896","display_name":"M. Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaya Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081642455","display_name":"Shigeki Hirobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-7382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigeki Hirobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111995722","display_name":"Tadanobu Misawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadanobu Misawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033471660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77720791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"11318","last_page":"11327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9325000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434189319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.6619687676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6019368171691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5285146236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.5241235494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resolution","display_name":"Low resolution","score":0.4549292325973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.4445440471172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4362664520740509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.43593084812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.43155425786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41109517216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39347150921821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.33281612396240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.24963587522506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19794043898582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.18019834160804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1132563054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11037123203277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.10543367266654968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434189319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.6619687676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6019368171691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5285146236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.5241235494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019883945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Low resolution","level":3,"score":0.4549292325973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4445440471172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4362664520740509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.43593084812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.43155425786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41109517216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39347150921821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.33281612396240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.24963587522506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19794043898582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.18019834160804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1132563054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11037123203277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.10543367266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a36578c3b4342cd8e10b3e8e6e9676b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a36578c3b4342cd8e10b3e8e6e9676b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 11318-11327 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7591390178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980984853","https://openalex.org/W2326454079","https://openalex.org/W564939545","https://openalex.org/W2533590149","https://openalex.org/W3167466058","https://openalex.org/W2029494570","https://openalex.org/W2964898233","https://openalex.org/W2560154230","https://openalex.org/W2129331087","https://openalex.org/W2539126704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,75],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,25,36,50,60,65,68,80,89,92,97,103,112,117,120,128,135,139,157,161],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,27,38,64,67,91,106,119,130,138,163],"Things":[6],"has":[7,33],"been":[8],"applied":[9],"in":[10,72,100,148,151,180],"many":[11],"fields":[12],"with":[13,59,134,156],"rapid":[14],"development,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,122],"software,":[18],"sensors,":[19],"and":[20,22,29,101,126,178],"medical":[21,28],"healthcare.":[23],"case":[26],"healthcare,":[30],"extensive":[31],"research":[32],"focused":[34],"on":[35,88],"development":[37],"brain-computer":[39],"interface":[40],"systems,":[41],"particularly":[42],"those":[43],"utilizing":[44],"steady-state":[45],"visual-evoked":[46],"potentials":[47],"(SSVEPs).":[48],"However,":[49],"conventional":[51],"short-time":[52],"Fourier":[53],"transform":[54],"(STFT)":[55],"analysis":[56,69,82,93],"is":[57,173],"associated":[58,133],"low-frequency":[61],"resolution":[62,153],"because":[63],"length":[66,90],"window,":[70,94],"resulting":[71],"sidelobe":[73],"artifacts.":[74],"this":[76,171],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"utilized":[79,111],"non-harmonic":[81],"(NHA),":[83],"which":[84],"does":[85],"not":[86],"depend":[87],"to":[95],"analyze":[96],"continuous":[98],"changes":[99,179],"determine":[102],"classification":[104],"accuracy":[105,162],"SSVEPs.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"our":[109,167],"experiments":[110,184],"gray-scale":[113],"images,":[114],"allowing":[115],"for":[116,175],"presentation":[118],"stimulus":[121],"a":[123],"sinusoidal":[124],"pattern":[125],"reducing":[127],"effect":[129],"frequency":[131],"distortion":[132],"refresh":[136],"rate":[137],"liquid-crystal":[140,187],"display.":[141],"Our":[142],"findings":[143],"indicated":[144],"that":[145,170],"NHA":[146,164],"resulted":[147],"exponential":[149],"improvements":[150],"time-frequency":[152],"when":[154],"compared":[155],"STFT":[158],"analysis.":[159],"As":[160],"was":[165],"high,":[166],"results":[168],"suggest":[169],"method":[172],"effective":[174],"examining":[176],"SSVEPs":[177],"brain":[181],"waves":[182],"during":[183],"conducted":[185],"using":[186],"displays.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}