{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910211925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892121","title":"A Duty Ratio Control Strategy to Reduce Both Torque and Flux Ripples of DTC for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","display_name":"A Duty Ratio Control Strategy to Reduce Both Torque and Flux Ripples of DTC for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910211925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892121","mag":"2910211925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892121","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08610178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08610178.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701049","display_name":"Zhang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-1949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738655","display_name":"Xinghua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3953-8215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100701049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87706741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"11820","last_page":"11828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.8289302587509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.798843264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.6702706813812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6502004861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.636751115322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.5968600511550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5920061469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.49686411023139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.47453415393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42518192529678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42451170086860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-vector-modulation","display_name":"Space vector modulation","score":0.41937950253486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.3977154493331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2351701259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22981157898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1623418927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.14669427275657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11762315034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08156004548072815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.8289302587509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.798843264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.6702706813812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6502004861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.636751115322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.5968600511550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5920061469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.49686411023139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.47453415393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42518192529678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42451170086860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57917881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2603102","display_name":"Space vector modulation","level":4,"score":0.41937950253486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.3977154493331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2351701259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22981157898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1623418927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.14669427275657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11762315034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08156004548072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892121","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08610178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7c1130630a0476cb49c9eeb0fa2158e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7c1130630a0476cb49c9eeb0fa2158e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 11820-11828 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2892121","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08610178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910211925.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910211925.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000402120","https://openalex.org/W2001929551","https://openalex.org/W2002893394","https://openalex.org/W2014585456","https://openalex.org/W2037168792","https://openalex.org/W2046347509","https://openalex.org/W2103100776","https://openalex.org/W2103222157","https://openalex.org/W2125069476","https://openalex.org/W2140308545","https://openalex.org/W2171774024","https://openalex.org/W2249796857","https://openalex.org/W2273636846","https://openalex.org/W2342901794","https://openalex.org/W2343597473","https://openalex.org/W2344150594","https://openalex.org/W2344692189","https://openalex.org/W2481565155","https://openalex.org/W2559259751","https://openalex.org/W2560480312","https://openalex.org/W2587178544","https://openalex.org/W2595703892","https://openalex.org/W2604798688","https://openalex.org/W2740207511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379878679","https://openalex.org/W2349217415","https://openalex.org/W2594177041","https://openalex.org/W2345244343","https://openalex.org/W3010453361","https://openalex.org/W2011341094","https://openalex.org/W2187771390","https://openalex.org/W2387728963","https://openalex.org/W2149849098","https://openalex.org/W2798649203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,106,147],"novel":[4],"duty":[5,54,79,103,117],"ratio":[6,55,80,104,118],"modulated":[7],"direct":[8],"torque":[9,128],"control":[10,44],"(DDTC)":[11],"for":[12],"permanent":[13],"magnet":[14],"synchronous":[15],"motor":[16],"drive":[17],"system":[18],"to":[19,85,111],"achieve":[20,146],"high":[21],"steady":[22,152],"performance":[23,114,149],"and":[24,52,66,129,156],"reducing":[25],"ripples":[26],"of":[27,32,50,63,90,100,115,127,139,150,162],"CDTC,":[28],"especially":[29],"the":[30,39,47,59,74,87,91,98,101,113,116,125,137,151,160,163],"ripple":[31,126,138],"stator":[33,130],"flux,":[34],"which":[35],"is":[36,83,109],"ignored":[37],"in":[38],"conventional":[40,53,75],"DDTC.":[41],"The":[42,120,142,154],"proposed":[43,102,121,143,164],"scheme":[45],"incorporates":[46],"variation":[48,61],"rates":[49,62],"current":[51,65,68],"modulation.":[56,119],"By":[57],"introducing":[58],"instantaneous":[60],"d-axis":[64],"q-axis":[67],"during":[69],"each":[70],"sampling":[71],"cycle":[72],"into":[73],"DDTC,":[76],"an":[77],"effective":[78],"modulation":[81],"method":[82,122,144],"constituted":[84],"determine":[86],"time":[88],"duration":[89],"active":[92],"voltage":[93],"vector.":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"characteristics":[99],"modulation,":[105],"weighting":[107],"coefficient":[108],"utilized":[110],"improve":[112],"can":[123,145],"reduce":[124,136],"flux":[131],"significantly,":[132],"as":[133,135],"well":[134],"d-q-axis":[140],"current.":[141],"good":[148],"operation.":[153],"simulations":[155],"experimental":[157],"results":[158],"validate":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"schemes.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
