{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910176867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891705","title":"Development of Conceptual Learning Model Based on Various Stability Features","display_name":"Development of Conceptual Learning Model Based on Various Stability Features","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910176867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891705","mag":"2910176867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891705","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08606147.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08606147.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109184434","display_name":"Chengyan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020254569","display_name":"Changjun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620640","display_name":"Bin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-3765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109184434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.289,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64352264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"37961","last_page":"37969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.81656813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.733376145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.7069603204727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6578918099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6408873796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5920695066452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5707042813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5164209008216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5053451657295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-learning","display_name":"Concept learning","score":0.5006194114685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.48692286014556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.469845712184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.454574316740036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"Conceptual model","score":0.44381770491600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2420264184474945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17025291919708252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.81656813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.733376145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.7069603204727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6578918099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6408873796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5920695066452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5707042813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5164209008216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5053451657295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.5006194114685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.48692286014556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.469845712184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.454574316740036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.44381770491600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2420264184474945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17025291919708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891705","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08606147.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff234edb71254b759831a5f17c1aff22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff234edb71254b759831a5f17c1aff22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 37961-37969 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891705","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08606147.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2904155598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRT15R07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338204","funder_display_name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G370610241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G430156716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5069775644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6175120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5551712144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6238310513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429872726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6565709209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61425002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7918627069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6167212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338204","display_name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910176867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910176867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1440335865","https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W1964812476","https://openalex.org/W1979019425","https://openalex.org/W2036963181","https://openalex.org/W2047057213","https://openalex.org/W2060277733","https://openalex.org/W2067840211","https://openalex.org/W2088321899","https://openalex.org/W2099866409","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115733720","https://openalex.org/W2139622435","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2424347275","https://openalex.org/W2519882289","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2583761661","https://openalex.org/W2588784603","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2643413515","https://openalex.org/W2753160622","https://openalex.org/W2768228940","https://openalex.org/W2804031762","https://openalex.org/W2963341924","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3146079624","https://openalex.org/W4319988532","https://openalex.org/W4396738453","https://openalex.org/W6641939000","https://openalex.org/W6680911068","https://openalex.org/W6681968150","https://openalex.org/W6682751323","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6743661861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W2937381246","https://openalex.org/W2786094008","https://openalex.org/W3131501806","https://openalex.org/W2799683370","https://openalex.org/W2807745940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"promote":[1],"efficient":[2],"and":[3,26,82,148,157,234,254],"flexible":[4],"learning,":[5],"a":[6,34,42,47,129,186,246],"conceptual":[7,54,247],"learning":[8,28,55,150,206,236],"model":[9,56,122,169,175,200,241],"can":[10,57,105,182],"be":[11,31,183],"developed":[12],"using":[13,41,170,189],"the":[14,17,53,59,67,70,76,88,100,107,110,114,120,124,139,158,167,171,174,198,219,232,239,243],"differences":[15,89],"between":[16,79,90],"stable":[18,43,91,115],"features":[19,92,112,116],"of":[20,37,62,69,93,109,117,132,138,180,188,238,245],"various":[21],"concepts,":[22],"thereby":[23],"allowing":[24],"scalable":[25],"continuous":[27,235],"concepts":[29,95],"to":[30,49,74,113,126,144,154,160,216],"obtained":[32],"from":[33,128],"small":[35,130,209],"number":[36,131],"labeled":[38,191],"samples.":[39,133],"By":[40,165],"feature":[44,61],"expressed":[45],"as":[46,185],"vector":[48],"represent":[50],"each":[51,63,118,146,195,223],"concept,":[52,64,119,147],"distinguish":[58],"representative":[60],"thus":[65],"increasing":[66],"interpretability":[68],"model.":[71,101],"In":[72,134],"addition":[73],"adjusting":[75],"mapping":[77],"relationship":[78],"concept":[80,83,224],"instances":[81],"stability":[84],"features,":[85],"constraints":[86],"on":[87,229],"different":[94],"are":[96],"also":[97,214],"introduced":[98],"into":[99],"Because":[102],"this":[103,135],"constraint":[104],"improve":[106],"sensitivity":[108],"instance":[111],"proposed":[121,168,199,240],"has":[123],"ability":[125,159,207],"learn":[127,145],"paper,":[136],"sub-networks":[137],"same":[140],"structure":[141],"were":[142,152],"applied":[143],"unified":[149],"methods":[151],"used":[153],"achieve":[155],"scalability":[156],"easily":[161],"manage":[162],"new":[163],"concepts.":[164],"training":[166,192,220],"MNIST":[172],"dataset,":[173],"demonstrates":[176],"that":[177,249],"prediction":[178],"accuracy":[179],"96%":[181],"achieved":[184],"result":[187],"100":[190],"samples":[193],"for":[194,208],"concept.":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"not":[201],"only":[202,226],"demonstrated":[203],"an":[204],"improved":[205,251],"samples,":[210],"but":[211],"it":[212],"was":[213],"found":[215],"considerably":[217],"reduce":[218],"time,":[221],"with":[222],"requiring":[225],"18":[227],"s":[228],"average.":[230],"Thus,":[231],"small-sample":[233],"capabilities":[237],"enable":[242],"construction":[244],"space":[248],"promotes":[250],"knowledge":[252],"representation":[253],"complex":[255],"scene":[256],"understanding.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}