{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909306773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891696","title":"Investigating Thermal Cooling Mechanisms of Human Body Under Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation","display_name":"Investigating Thermal Cooling Mechanisms of Human Body Under Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909306773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891696","mag":"2909306773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607000.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607000.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616500","display_name":"Huan Huan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Huan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414258","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-1946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-1946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111021342","display_name":"Xiaoyan Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6010-9198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158570","display_name":"Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04jth1r26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Y. Z. Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZJUI Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJUI Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113152227","display_name":"Guang Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Ming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589015","display_name":"Chun Yang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107780","display_name":"Xi'an Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fmc2233","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Clinical Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Clinical Medicine, Xi&#x2019;an Medical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Clinical Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Clinical Medicine, Xi&#x2019;an Medical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010694674","display_name":"Wei E. I. Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7431-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei E. I. Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7431-8121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.893,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72157863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"9697","last_page":"9703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-radiation","display_name":"Thermal radiation","score":0.7419490814208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.6620762944221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-cooling","display_name":"Radiative cooling","score":0.6417028307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.6328899264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5390481352806091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.5368092656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.5012397766113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cooling","display_name":"Water cooling","score":0.49916911125183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"Evaporation","score":0.46561598777770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-flow","display_name":"Blood flow","score":0.46145638823509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioheat-transfer","display_name":"Bioheat transfer","score":0.4247649908065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37783366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3339861035346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29493850469589233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.7419490814208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6620762944221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15908118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997395","display_name":"Radiative cooling","level":2,"score":0.6417028307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6328899264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5390481352806091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.5368092656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5012397766113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.49916911125183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.46561598777770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158846371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Blood flow","level":2,"score":0.46145638823509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186725500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Bioheat transfer","level":3,"score":0.4247649908065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37783366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3339861035346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29493850469589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607000.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.04917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.04917","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.04917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9682f96c47c946fd812c9547d13f20c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9682f96c47c946fd812c9547d13f20c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 9697-9703 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10066604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066604/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access , 7 pp. 9697-9703. (2019)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891696","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607000.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1311989484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M613071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2408896839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K201808","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327028","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4926544899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T111016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6607351361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81702010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7916630936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308678","display_name":"EMC","ror":"https://ror.org/03w4phb31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327028","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909306773.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909306773.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167003681","https://openalex.org/W1488652849","https://openalex.org/W1547335662","https://openalex.org/W1605773447","https://openalex.org/W1948181060","https://openalex.org/W1986816111","https://openalex.org/W1988770072","https://openalex.org/W1999595750","https://openalex.org/W2005095541","https://openalex.org/W2038379840","https://openalex.org/W2089424519","https://openalex.org/W2129795592","https://openalex.org/W2135219186","https://openalex.org/W2140253991","https://openalex.org/W2160926456","https://openalex.org/W2164803343","https://openalex.org/W2171004578","https://openalex.org/W2233617361","https://openalex.org/W2513289153","https://openalex.org/W2571308267","https://openalex.org/W2574188087","https://openalex.org/W2577534831","https://openalex.org/W2591908619","https://openalex.org/W2731873610","https://openalex.org/W2794424984","https://openalex.org/W2796279370","https://openalex.org/W2806468023","https://openalex.org/W2883018178","https://openalex.org/W2990536923","https://openalex.org/W4211006915","https://openalex.org/W4298674970","https://openalex.org/W6731975826","https://openalex.org/W6751903746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048671987","https://openalex.org/W1986405716","https://openalex.org/W2188063175","https://openalex.org/W3214589995","https://openalex.org/W1824807717","https://openalex.org/W2110644775","https://openalex.org/W3195043202","https://openalex.org/W2742467726","https://openalex.org/W4312567681","https://openalex.org/W2970711214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"cooling":[1,38,47,61,70,114],"mechanisms":[2,115],"of":[3,72,97,112,116],"human":[4],"exposed":[5],"to":[6,22,34,108],"electromagnetic":[7],"(EM)":[8],"radiation":[9],"are":[10],"studied":[11],"in":[12],"detail.":[13],"The":[14,51],"EM":[15,103],"and":[16,25,45,57,83],"thermal":[17,37,98,113],"co-simulation":[18],"method":[19],"is":[20,32,74,93],"utilized":[21],"calculate":[23],"the":[24,55,65,69,89,109],"temperature":[26],"distributions.":[27],"Moreover,":[28],"Pennes'":[29],"bioheat":[30],"equation":[31],"solved":[33],"understand":[35],"different":[36],"mechanisms,":[39],"including":[40],"blood":[41,73,90],"flow,":[42],"convective":[43],"cooling,":[44,99],"radiative":[46],"separately":[48],"or":[49],"jointly.":[50],"numerical":[52],"results":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"characteristics":[56],"functions":[58],"for":[59,101],"each":[60],"mechanism.":[62],"Different":[63],"from":[64],"traditional":[66],"view":[67],"that":[68,88],"effect":[71],"usually":[75],"reflected":[76],"by":[77],"its":[78],"influence":[79],"on":[80],"sweat":[81],"secretion":[82],"evaporation,":[84],"this":[85],"paper":[86,106],"indicates":[87],"flow":[91],"itself":[92],"an":[94],"important":[95],"factor":[96],"especially":[100],"high-intensity":[102],"radiation.":[104],"This":[105],"contributes":[107],"fundamental":[110],"understanding":[111],"human.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
