{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910121950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891312","title":"Green Coexistence for 5G Waveform Candidates: A Review","display_name":"Green Coexistence for 5G Waveform Candidates: A Review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910121950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891312","mag":"2910121950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891312","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08604044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08604044.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011418174","display_name":"Ahmed Hammoodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-6156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hammoodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless and Radio Science Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-6156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless and Radio Science Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066783464","display_name":"Lukman Audah\u200f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-4474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukman Audah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless and Radio Science Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-4474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless and Radio Science Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002414482","display_name":"Montadar Abas Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1516-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montadar Abas Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96075784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"10103","last_page":"10126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8098413944244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7673176527023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7621026039123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6623446345329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-bank","display_name":"Filter bank","score":0.6267258524894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.572433352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5456039905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5009064674377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.38825759291648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3507203757762909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19506511092185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1197754442691803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8098413944244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7673176527023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7621026039123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6623446345329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100515483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268235","display_name":"Filter bank","level":3,"score":0.6267258524894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.572433352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5456039905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.5009064674377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.38825759291648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3507203757762909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19506511092185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1197754442691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891312","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08604044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2ad5d84bd244f52aa3b76d3e31804c9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2ad5d84bd244f52aa3b76d3e31804c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 10103-10126 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891312","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08604044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310112","display_name":"Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910121950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910121950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265893017","https://openalex.org/W1472847984","https://openalex.org/W1492726028","https://openalex.org/W1504889437","https://openalex.org/W1518413571","https://openalex.org/W1521892269","https://openalex.org/W1551517259","https://openalex.org/W1564088886","https://openalex.org/W1585565463","https://openalex.org/W1586249561","https://openalex.org/W1595733058","https://openalex.org/W1894204910","https://openalex.org/W1964699038","https://openalex.org/W1964793896","https://openalex.org/W1968795780","https://openalex.org/W1973915058","https://openalex.org/W1975355884","https://openalex.org/W1976949727","https://openalex.org/W1982637280","https://openalex.org/W1983643512","https://openalex.org/W1985169643","https://openalex.org/W1998882773","https://openalex.org/W1999441283","https://openalex.org/W2000006997","https://openalex.org/W2012353182","https://openalex.org/W2013689966","https://openalex.org/W2014958431","https://openalex.org/W2015506881","https://openalex.org/W2019486357","https://openalex.org/W2024762869","https://openalex.org/W2031653048","https://openalex.org/W2033218641","https://openalex.org/W2040678307","https://openalex.org/W2044320304","https://openalex.org/W2047389895","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2053850706","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2057394983","https://openalex.org/W2057768919","https://openalex.org/W2061914652","https://openalex.org/W2063485510","https://openalex.org/W2065445313","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2073225982","https://openalex.org/W2076236188","https://openalex.org/W2077145024","https://openalex.org/W2080030493","https://openalex.org/W2081282835","https://openalex.org/W2084295835","https://openalex.org/W2100338777","https://openalex.org/W2102138849","https://openalex.org/W2103970559","https://openalex.org/W2104975786","https://openalex.org/W2106477807","https://openalex.org/W2109249349","https://openalex.org/W2110411562","https://openalex.org/W2113117712","https://openalex.org/W2113784761","https://openalex.org/W2115187587","https://openalex.org/W2117472877","https://openalex.org/W2120144288","https://openalex.org/W2130952788","https://openalex.org/W2131228374","https://openalex.org/W2132254987","https://openalex.org/W2134292722","https://openalex.org/W2138116667","https://openalex.org/W2143186091","https://openalex.org/W2149946041","https://openalex.org/W2153540236","https://openalex.org/W2156077514","https://openalex.org/W2156698864","https://openalex.org/W2159376540","https://openalex.org/W2163121240","https://openalex.org/W2168143792","https://openalex.org/W2168702829","https://openalex.org/W2273903838","https://openalex.org/W2281767738","https://openalex.org/W2289374471","https://openalex.org/W2291159381","https://openalex.org/W2295111582","https://openalex.org/W2430451911","https://openalex.org/W2460802106","https://openalex.org/W2466308676","https://openalex.org/W2511779597","https://openalex.org/W2518924955","https://openalex.org/W2519597202","https://openalex.org/W2537771783","https://openalex.org/W2538625541","https://openalex.org/W2554860421","https://openalex.org/W2563646930","https://openalex.org/W2567432414","https://openalex.org/W2573684879","https://openalex.org/W2576286862","https://openalex.org/W2582965892","https://openalex.org/W2586311576","https://openalex.org/W2586377720","https://openalex.org/W2586619800","https://openalex.org/W2586688237","https://openalex.org/W2603540191","https://openalex.org/W2606014285","https://openalex.org/W2608727628","https://openalex.org/W2612190464","https://openalex.org/W2612372079","https://openalex.org/W2622148624","https://openalex.org/W2650264154","https://openalex.org/W2744494526","https://openalex.org/W2748507273","https://openalex.org/W2753543447","https://openalex.org/W2766424154","https://openalex.org/W2767007569","https://openalex.org/W2769568180","https://openalex.org/W2770752303","https://openalex.org/W2781842532","https://openalex.org/W2792339401","https://openalex.org/W2963575432","https://openalex.org/W2964346954","https://openalex.org/W3122902615","https://openalex.org/W3208362807","https://openalex.org/W4250100295","https://openalex.org/W4253752627","https://openalex.org/W6609737879","https://openalex.org/W6683088332","https://openalex.org/W6684436663","https://openalex.org/W6695301514","https://openalex.org/W6737614190","https://openalex.org/W6764118225","https://openalex.org/W6803534551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3117207195","https://openalex.org/W2058282382","https://openalex.org/W2029275898","https://openalex.org/W2796093738","https://openalex.org/W2106576529","https://openalex.org/W2398403734","https://openalex.org/W1980878151","https://openalex.org/W4246471690","https://openalex.org/W2134245932","https://openalex.org/W2005662164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,202],"a":[2,186],"growing":[3],"demand":[4],"for":[5,42,141,161],"5G":[6,30,40,68,122,217],"applications":[7],"in":[8,49,59,120,144,182,210,216],"all":[9,117],"fields":[10],"of":[11,19,29,39,66,132,155],"knowledge.":[12],"Current":[13],"applications,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"the":[17,37,89,97,128,138,145,149,153,166,193,205,221],"Internet":[18],"Things,":[20],"smart":[21],"homes,":[22],"and":[23,33,53,84,109,115,130,159,175,201,213,223,227],"clean":[24],"energy,":[25],"require":[26],"sophisticated":[27],"forms":[28],"waveforms.":[31,123],"Researchers":[32],"developers":[34],"are":[35],"investigating":[36],"requirements":[38],"networks":[41,184,212,218],"better":[43,142,162,178],"waveform":[44,69,134,209],"types,":[45],"which":[46],"will":[47],"result":[48],"high":[50],"spectrum":[51],"efficiency":[52],"lower":[54],"latency":[55],"with":[56,180,185],"less":[57],"complexity":[58],"systems.":[60],"This":[61,94],"paper":[62,95,113,126],"proposes":[63],"an":[64],"assessment":[65],"various":[67,121],"candidates":[70],"[filtered":[71],"orthogonal":[72],"frequency-division":[73,86],"multiplexing":[74],"(OFDM),":[75],"universal":[76],"filtered":[77],"multicarrier":[78,82],"(UFMC),":[79],"filter":[80,107],"bank":[81],"(FBMC),":[83],"generalized":[85],"multiplexing]":[87],"under":[88],"key":[90],"performance":[91],"indicators":[92],"(KPIs).":[93],"assesses":[96],"main":[98],"KPI":[99,118,139],"factors":[100,119,140],"(computational":[101],"complexity,":[102],"peak-to-average-power":[103],"ratio,":[104],"spectral":[105],"efficiency,":[106],"length,":[108],"latency).":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"this":[112,125],"compares":[114],"evaluates":[116],"Finally,":[124],"highlights":[127],"strengths":[129],"weaknesses":[131],"each":[133],"candidate":[135],"based":[136,219],"on":[137,220],"outcomes":[143],"industry.":[146],"In":[147],"conclusion,":[148],"current":[150],"review":[151],"suggests":[152],"use":[154],"optimized":[156],"waveforms":[157,195,215],"(FBMC":[158,226],"UFMC)":[160],"flexibility":[163],"to":[164,204],"overcome":[165],"drawbacks":[167],"encountered":[168],"by":[169],"previous":[170],"works.":[171],"Regarding":[172],"coexistence,":[173],"FBMC":[174],"UFMC":[176],"showed":[177],"coexistence":[179,200],"CP-OFDM":[181],"4G":[183,211],"new":[187],"radio":[188],"spectrum.":[189],"The":[190],"rapprochement":[191],"between":[192,207],"above-mentioned":[194],"has":[196],"been":[197],"called":[198],"green":[199],"due":[203],"mix":[206],"one":[208],"two":[214],"subcarrier":[222],"subband":[224],"shaping":[225],"UFMC).":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
