{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963168535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890543","title":"Markov Chain Hebbian Learning Algorithm With Ternary Synaptic Units","display_name":"Markov Chain Hebbian Learning Algorithm With Ternary Synaptic Units","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963168535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890543","mag":"2963168535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2890543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890543","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607972.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089830521","display_name":"Guhyun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guhyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052442348","display_name":"Vladimir Kornij\u010duk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Kornijcuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755766","display_name":"Dohun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-2089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dohun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649690","display_name":"Inho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754674","display_name":"Jaewook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033174083","display_name":"Hyo Cheon Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyo Cheon Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677043","display_name":"Ji Hun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027075775","display_name":"Cheol Seong Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol Seong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082971950","display_name":"Doo Seok Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doo Seok Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089830521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.578,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75617457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"10208","last_page":"10223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7418667078018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6674225330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6311084032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-theory","display_name":"Hebbian theory","score":0.6297792792320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.5875939726829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.5478373765945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leabra","display_name":"Leabra","score":0.4978213310241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4615739583969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42526209354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41066649556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.3322810232639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32333776354789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.23795238137245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21065673232078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake-sleep-algorithm","display_name":"Wake-sleep algorithm","score":0.1960219442844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16424912214279175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7418667078018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6674225330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6311084032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.6297792792320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.5875939726829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5478373765945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97108695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508265","display_name":"Leabra","level":5,"score":0.4978213310241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4615739583969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42526209354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41066649556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.3322810232639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32333776354789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.23795238137245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21065673232078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17061570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7960888","display_name":"Wake-sleep algorithm","level":4,"score":0.1960219442844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16424912214279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2890543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890543","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:762c3e6e3d9c49d9a6278827b2b7a246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/762c3e6e3d9c49d9a6278827b2b7a246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 10208-10223 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2890543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890543","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08607972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G787801304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M3C7A1056512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8063601927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G986839570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M3C7A1056512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963168535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963168535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1813659000","https://openalex.org/W1852229725","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1992109034","https://openalex.org/W1994435842","https://openalex.org/W1998177673","https://openalex.org/W2011831396","https://openalex.org/W2035054741","https://openalex.org/W2036759514","https://openalex.org/W2040309074","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2101295242","https://openalex.org/W2101853564","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2119682789","https://openalex.org/W2120432001","https://openalex.org/W2123046721","https://openalex.org/W2126715624","https://openalex.org/W2129871911","https://openalex.org/W2135194391","https://openalex.org/W2135533176","https://openalex.org/W2136510126","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2149283272","https://openalex.org/W2162762534","https://openalex.org/W2165225968","https://openalex.org/W2167342413","https://openalex.org/W2241510067","https://openalex.org/W2248832573","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2268466221","https://openalex.org/W2307193480","https://openalex.org/W2312605586","https://openalex.org/W2404581299","https://openalex.org/W2518320872","https://openalex.org/W4234028443","https://openalex.org/W4295219453","https://openalex.org/W6638304892","https://openalex.org/W6677279966","https://openalex.org/W6680102115","https://openalex.org/W6684349851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590565095","https://openalex.org/W4321853849","https://openalex.org/W4387853727","https://openalex.org/W2896927215","https://openalex.org/W2899454144","https://openalex.org/W3180828476","https://openalex.org/W1950019275","https://openalex.org/W1483579134","https://openalex.org/W4302013725","https://openalex.org/W2963219950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"spite":[1],"of":[2,132],"remarkable":[3],"progress":[4],"in":[5,23,28,41,58,62],"machine":[6,11],"learning":[7,12,19,35,51],"techniques,":[8],"the":[9,47,65,109,130],"state-of-the-art":[10],"algorithms":[13],"often":[14],"keep":[15],"machines":[16],"from":[17],"real-time":[18],"(online":[20],"learning)":[21],"due,":[22],"part,":[24],"to":[25,37,120],"computational":[26],"complexity":[27],"parameter":[29],"optimization.":[30],"As":[31],"an":[32],"alternative,":[33],"a":[34,39,79],"algorithm":[36,54,91],"train":[38],"memory":[40,59],"real":[42],"time":[43],"is":[44],"proposed,":[45],"named":[46],"Markov":[48,80],"chain":[49],"Hebbian":[50],"algorithm.":[52],"The":[53,90,124],"pursues":[55],"efficient":[56],"use":[57],"during":[60],"training":[61],"that:":[63],"1)":[64,73],"weight":[66,88],"matrix":[67],"has":[68],"ternary":[69],"elements":[70],"(-1,":[71],"0,":[72],"and":[74,100,104],"2)":[75],"each":[76],"update":[77,83],"follows":[78],"chain-the":[81],"upcoming":[82],"does":[84],"not":[85],"need":[86],"past":[87],"values.":[89],"was":[92],"verified":[93],"by":[94],"two":[95],"proof-of-concept":[96],"tasks:":[97],"image":[98],"(MNIST":[99],"CIFAR-10":[101],"datasets)":[102],"recognition":[103],"multiplication":[105,112,126],"table":[106],"memorization.":[107],"Particularly,":[108],"latter":[110],"bases":[111],"arithmetic":[113,127],"on":[114],"memory,":[115],"which":[116],"may":[117],"be":[118],"analogous":[119],"humans'":[121],"mental":[122],"arithmetic.":[123,139],"memory-based":[125,138],"feasibly":[128],"offers":[129],"basis":[131],"factorization,":[133],"supporting":[134],"novel":[135],"insight":[136],"into":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
