{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906248764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887344","title":"Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks With Multiple Primary Users and Unreliable Backhaul Connections","display_name":"Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks With Multiple Primary Users and Unreliable Backhaul Connections","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906248764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887344","mag":"2906248764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08580445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08580445.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040974749","display_name":"Cheng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-3987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034337802","display_name":"Emiliano Garcia\u2010Palacios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-8840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emiliano Garcia-Palacios","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050411356","display_name":"Nguyen\u2010Son Vo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-7109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170238339","display_name":"Duy Tan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ezss144","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen-Son Vo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1158,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1248},"fwci":0.9477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79101836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"3644","last_page":"3655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8446223735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7500923275947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7450169920921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6727256774902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5719043612480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4865676462650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlay","display_name":"Underlay","score":0.4725843667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4245270788669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.42337745428085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.34709632396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.28292950987815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23441588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15643709897994995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8446223735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7500923275947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7450169920921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6727256774902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5719043612480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4865676462650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777679929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883709","display_name":"Underlay","level":3,"score":0.4725843667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4245270788669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.42337745428085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.34709632396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.28292950987815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23441588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15643709897994995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08580445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/1a6d5d01-6efd-450f-8b94-103eaeae077a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/1a6d5d01-6efd-450f-8b94-103eaeae077a","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/163711784/08580445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Yin , C , Garcia-Palacios , E , Vo , N-S & Duong , T Q 2018 , ' Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks with Multiple Primary Users and Unreliable Backhaul Connections ' , IEEE Access , vol. 7 , no. 1 , 8580445 , pp. 3644 - 3655 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2887344","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c60b0a2c8a6847d5931bd83dbbfd7b1b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c60b0a2c8a6847d5931bd83dbbfd7b1b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 3644-3655 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08580445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1687540607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ID 428328486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312420","funder_display_name":"Newton Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2692291239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P019374/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939749315","display_name":"Modelling, Analysis, and Design of Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks","funder_award_id":"EP/P019374/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G998233810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"428328486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312420","funder_display_name":"Newton Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312420","display_name":"Newton Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/009twqt47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320025","display_name":"British Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3pr326"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906248764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906248764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515196959","https://openalex.org/W1553236865","https://openalex.org/W2035072958","https://openalex.org/W2040714707","https://openalex.org/W2056685866","https://openalex.org/W2085214924","https://openalex.org/W2128461755","https://openalex.org/W2129591674","https://openalex.org/W2136000902","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2168990175","https://openalex.org/W2325988671","https://openalex.org/W2327234026","https://openalex.org/W2330976657","https://openalex.org/W2472525673","https://openalex.org/W2512536427","https://openalex.org/W2649971219","https://openalex.org/W2734953419","https://openalex.org/W2746419912","https://openalex.org/W2752421693","https://openalex.org/W2759916602","https://openalex.org/W2761857866","https://openalex.org/W2772762260","https://openalex.org/W2787036269","https://openalex.org/W2787597139","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W4298071626","https://openalex.org/W6748511002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769590643","https://openalex.org/W2169642774","https://openalex.org/W4297310313","https://openalex.org/W2532161418","https://openalex.org/W2556201531","https://openalex.org/W2963149344","https://openalex.org/W2901118320","https://openalex.org/W2097644939","https://openalex.org/W2012551222","https://openalex.org/W4200445394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"backhaul":[1,68,98,136],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,17,19,44,132,134],"a":[5,30,34,58,78],"suitable":[6],"and":[7,51,163,183,187,194],"flexible":[8],"alternative":[9],"to":[10,62,77,95,111,206],"wired":[11,21],"backhaul;":[12],"however,":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15,93,104],"not":[16],"reliable":[18],"its":[20],"counterpart.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"presents,":[25],"for":[26,178,191],"the":[27,83,97,107,113,119,122,127,135,139,152,160,169,188],"first":[28],"time,":[29],"comprehensive":[31],"model":[32,96],"including":[33],"heterogeneous":[35],"underlay":[36],"cognitive":[37],"network":[38],"with":[39,86],"small":[40],"cells":[41],"also":[42,204],"acting":[43],"multiple":[45,48,63,72,87],"secondary":[46,64,73,79,108,125,161,174],"users,":[47,50,131],"primary":[49,88,130,170],"unreliable":[52],"wireless":[53,67],"backhaul.":[54],"In":[55,70],"this":[56],"system,":[57],"macro-base":[59],"station":[60],"connects":[61],"transmitters":[65,74,162],"via":[66],"links.":[69],"addition,":[71],"send":[75],"information":[76],"receiver":[80,109],"by":[81,173],"sharing":[82],"same":[84],"spectrum":[85],"users.":[89],"A":[90,100],"Bernoulli":[91],"process":[92],"adopted":[94],"reliability.":[99],"selection":[101],"combining":[102],"protocol":[103],"used":[105],"at":[106,159,168],"side":[110],"maximize":[112],"received":[114],"signal-to-noise":[115],"ratio.":[116],"We":[117],"investigate":[118],"impact":[120],"of":[121,124,129],"number":[123,128],"transmitters,":[126],"well":[133],"reliability":[137],"on":[138,151],"system":[140,153],"performance":[141],"in":[142],"Rayleigh":[143],"fading":[144],"channels.":[145],"Two":[146],"key":[147],"constraints":[148],"are":[149,198,203],"considered":[150],"performance:":[154],"1)":[155],"maximum":[156],"transmit":[157],"power":[158,167],"2)":[164],"peak":[165],"interference":[166],"users":[171],"caused":[172],"transmitters.":[175],"Closed-form":[176],"expressions":[177,190,202],"outage":[179,192],"probability,":[180],"ergodic":[181],"capacity,":[182],"symbol":[184,195],"error":[185,196],"rate":[186,197],"asymptotic":[189],"probability":[193],"derived.":[199],"Moreover,":[200],"closed-form":[201],"applicable":[205],"non-cooperative":[207],"scenarios.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}