{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796571581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887201","title":"Decision Provenance: Harnessing Data Flow for Accountable Systems","display_name":"Decision Provenance: Harnessing Data Flow for Accountable Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796571581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887201","mag":"2796571581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08579125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08579125.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082866143","display_name":"Jatinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-6564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-6564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043327838","display_name":"Jennifer Cobbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-4760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Cobbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038264111","display_name":"Chris Norval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Norval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-7863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, Compliant and Accountable Systems Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1483,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1599},"fwci":23.8074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99347349,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"6562","last_page":"6574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.7974106073379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7004515528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5867899656295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.490935355424881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provenance","display_name":"Provenance","score":0.4821012318134308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.45795121788978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4320879578590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3507672846317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3315027952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.27065980434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17582669854164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11245760321617126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.7974106073379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7004515528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5867899656295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.490935355424881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582628","display_name":"Provenance","level":2,"score":0.4821012318134308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.45795121788978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4320879578590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3507672846317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3315027952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27065980434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17582669854164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11245760321617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08579125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.05741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.05741","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.05741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aura.abdn.ac.uk:2164/22985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058884047&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400966","display_name":"Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","host_organization_name":"University of Aberdeen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14f50f2005d942ccafac325c6aa6a020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14f50f2005d942ccafac325c6aa6a020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 6562-6574 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/289359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.36607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.36607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2887201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08579125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3192905506","display_name":"Realising Accountable Intelligent Systems (RAInS)","funder_award_id":"EP/R033501/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4613851226","display_name":"Towards a legally-compliant Internet of Things","funder_award_id":"EP/P024394/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5285592300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R033501/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6254192505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P024394/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796571581.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796571581.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168132470","https://openalex.org/W202799293","https://openalex.org/W1444906800","https://openalex.org/W1507156252","https://openalex.org/W1616835977","https://openalex.org/W1750695544","https://openalex.org/W1858703999","https://openalex.org/W1973451694","https://openalex.org/W1977690765","https://openalex.org/W1988545508","https://openalex.org/W1998627192","https://openalex.org/W2026019770","https://openalex.org/W2047384639","https://openalex.org/W2058107586","https://openalex.org/W2096968010","https://openalex.org/W2107348271","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2137693329","https://openalex.org/W2237023204","https://openalex.org/W2263936035","https://openalex.org/W2341759796","https://openalex.org/W2392235604","https://openalex.org/W2404918695","https://openalex.org/W2412435625","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2507358938","https://openalex.org/W2522882154","https://openalex.org/W2528300505","https://openalex.org/W2530835859","https://openalex.org/W2533230769","https://openalex.org/W2539696900","https://openalex.org/W2614510834","https://openalex.org/W2619498919","https://openalex.org/W2622407287","https://openalex.org/W2747394252","https://openalex.org/W2747669027","https://openalex.org/W2751512711","https://openalex.org/W2753480499","https://openalex.org/W2766945679","https://openalex.org/W2771930793","https://openalex.org/W2781873007","https://openalex.org/W2792078641","https://openalex.org/W2795038878","https://openalex.org/W2887344017","https://openalex.org/W2890992458","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2963232610","https://openalex.org/W3046920401","https://openalex.org/W3101089035","https://openalex.org/W3110197861","https://openalex.org/W3122515146","https://openalex.org/W3123686114","https://openalex.org/W3123775214","https://openalex.org/W3124443940","https://openalex.org/W3127208614","https://openalex.org/W3149686264","https://openalex.org/W3157172840","https://openalex.org/W4235256446","https://openalex.org/W6628457668","https://openalex.org/W6637405576","https://openalex.org/W6674708958","https://openalex.org/W6713538875","https://openalex.org/W6737785282","https://openalex.org/W6743720583","https://openalex.org/W6749630143","https://openalex.org/W6786971194","https://openalex.org/W6988977658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354627941","https://openalex.org/W2347483153","https://openalex.org/W2353379336","https://openalex.org/W2379683085","https://openalex.org/W2363868702","https://openalex.org/W2374448931","https://openalex.org/W2376723740","https://openalex.org/W2370535391","https://openalex.org/W2370679613","https://openalex.org/W3199802296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Demand":[0],"is":[1,31],"growing":[2],"for":[3,29,74,164,195,198],"more":[4,215],"accountability":[5,24,166],"regarding":[6,86],"the":[7,16,33,38,76,84,128,132,136,150,190,206,225],"technological":[8],"systems":[9,214],"that":[10,41,63,172,208],"increasingly":[11],"occupy":[12],"our":[13],"world.":[14],"However,":[15],"complexity":[17],"of":[18,20,37,78,89,125,152,210,221],"many":[19],"these":[21,79],"systems\u2014often":[22],"systems-of-systems\u2014poses":[23],"challenges.":[25],"A":[26],"key":[27],"reason":[28],"this":[30],"because":[32],"details":[34],"and":[35,43,51,91,94,131,138,143,155,183,186,193,213,223],"nature":[36,129],"information":[39,120],"flows":[40],"interconnect":[42],"drive":[44],"systems,":[45],"which":[46],"often":[47],"occur":[48],"across":[49],"technical":[50,72],"organizational":[52],"boundaries,":[53],"tend":[54],"to":[55,118,219,230],"be":[56],"invisible":[57],"or":[58],"opaque.":[59],"This":[60,147],"paper":[61,148],"argues":[62],"data":[64,211],"provenance":[65,103,116,174],"methods":[66,117],"show":[67],"much":[68,108],"promise":[69],"as":[70,104],"a":[71,105],"means":[73],"increasing":[75],"transparency":[77],"interconnected":[80],"systems.":[81,146,169],"Specifically,":[82],"given":[83,229],"concerns":[85],"ever-increasing":[87],"levels":[88],"automated":[90],"algorithmic":[92,168,231],"decision-making,":[93],"so-called":[95],"\u201calgorithmic":[96],"systems\u201d":[97],"in":[98,167],"general,":[99],"we":[100,187,204],"propose":[101],"decision":[102,122,153,173],"concept":[106,151],"showing":[107],"promise.":[109],"<italic":[110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Decision":[112],"provenance</i>":[113],"entails":[114],"using":[115],"provide":[119],"exposing":[121],"pipelines:":[123],"chains":[124],"inputs":[126],"to,":[127],"of,":[130],"flow-on":[133],"effects":[134],"from":[135],"decisions":[137],"actions":[139],"taken":[140],"(at":[141],"design":[142],"run-time)":[144],"throughout":[145],"introduces":[149],"provenance,":[154],"takes":[156],"an":[157],"interdisciplinary":[158],"(tech-legal)":[159],"exploration":[160],"into":[161],"its":[162,200],"potential":[163],"assisting":[165],"We":[170],"argue":[171],"can":[175],"help":[176],"facilitate":[177],"oversight,":[178],"audit,":[179],"compliance,":[180],"risk":[181],"mitigation,":[182],"user":[184],"empowerment,":[185],"also":[188],"indicate":[189],"implementation":[191],"considerations":[192,209],"areas":[194],"research":[196],"necessary":[197],"realizing":[199],"vision.":[201],"More":[202],"generally,":[203],"make":[205],"case":[207],"flow,":[212],"broadly,":[216],"are":[217],"important":[218],"discussions":[220],"accountability,":[222],"complement":[224],"considerable":[226],"attention":[227],"already":[228],"specifics.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
