{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903982768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886702","title":"Unwrapped Phase Estimation via Normalized Probability Density Function for Multibaseline InSAR","display_name":"Unwrapped Phase Estimation via Normalized Probability Density Function for Multibaseline InSAR","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903982768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886702","mag":"2903982768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2886702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886702","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08576523.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08576523.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060688244","display_name":"Huaping Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaping Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734294","display_name":"Shuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-6537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-6537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102070140","display_name":"Yanan You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048834901","display_name":"Aifang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aifang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-9324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.4193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98293823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"4979","last_page":"4988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.9323855638504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6516634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6048060655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5959610939025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5099629163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49483388662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.48833200335502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4555134177207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4471915066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41494888067245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4125407934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-unwrapping","display_name":"Phase unwrapping","score":0.41087862849235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35778772830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3164949119091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2647164463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2619396150112152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15018236637115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10277113318443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1006404459476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0920553207397461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.9323855638504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6516634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6048060655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5959610939025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5099629163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49483388662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.48833200335502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4555134177207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4471915066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41494888067245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4125407934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020654733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038852","display_name":"Phase unwrapping","level":3,"score":0.41087862849235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35778772830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3164949119091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2647164463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2619396150112152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15018236637115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10277113318443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1006404459476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0920553207397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2886702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886702","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08576523.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:140802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:81ee94f79f4a476688dd80e882988de6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/81ee94f79f4a476688dd80e882988de6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 4979-4988 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2886702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886702","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08576523.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1302857629","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u71b5\u548cDCS\u7684\u591a\u57fa\u7ebfSAR\u5e72\u6d89\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903982768.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903982768.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1978218587","https://openalex.org/W1978589611","https://openalex.org/W1987762364","https://openalex.org/W1988860508","https://openalex.org/W2012017061","https://openalex.org/W2024849840","https://openalex.org/W2029060835","https://openalex.org/W2032320001","https://openalex.org/W2040528858","https://openalex.org/W2045126741","https://openalex.org/W2046077202","https://openalex.org/W2051478166","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2076546844","https://openalex.org/W2101690226","https://openalex.org/W2102710768","https://openalex.org/W2112520985","https://openalex.org/W2113248397","https://openalex.org/W2118739381","https://openalex.org/W2123896593","https://openalex.org/W2136449732","https://openalex.org/W2137891822","https://openalex.org/W2139574418","https://openalex.org/W2141300959","https://openalex.org/W2142623707","https://openalex.org/W2147559054","https://openalex.org/W2155679530","https://openalex.org/W2165180801","https://openalex.org/W2168381608","https://openalex.org/W2172143541","https://openalex.org/W2289536622","https://openalex.org/W2320084649","https://openalex.org/W2547580695","https://openalex.org/W2556346441","https://openalex.org/W2738804973","https://openalex.org/W2785978490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348789026","https://openalex.org/W2158806364","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2378156195","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W1601897362","https://openalex.org/W2493186661","https://openalex.org/W2151104578","https://openalex.org/W2167524701","https://openalex.org/W2904013093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interferometric":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(InSAR)":[4],"is":[5,21,29,60,71,98,141],"a":[6,44,53,93,107],"powerful":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,62,88],"obtaining":[10],"terrain":[11],"information":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14,43],"the":[15,25,33,39,65,68,75,78,101,112,117,132,145,149,155,165,168],"interferometric":[16],"phase.":[17,41],"Multibaseline":[18],"(MB)":[19],"InSAR":[20,27],"an":[22],"extension":[23],"of":[24,38,67,77,167],"conventional":[26],"and":[28,36,121,152,157],"used":[30],"to":[31,73,123,163],"improve":[32],"estimation":[34,58,97,125],"accuracy":[35],"reliability":[37],"unwrapped":[40,133],"Based":[42],"newly":[45],"defined":[46],"normalized":[47,69,103],"phase":[48,56,114,134,146],"probability":[49],"density":[50],"function":[51],"(pdf),":[52],"novel":[54],"wrapped-to-unwrapped":[55],"(W2UP)":[57],"method":[59,130],"proposed":[61,128,169],"MB-InSAR.":[63],"First,":[64],"concept":[66],"pdf":[70],"introduced":[72],"overcome":[74],"limitation":[76],"fixed":[79],"<inline-formula":[80],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[82],"<tex-math":[83],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\pi":[84],"$":[85],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[86],"period":[87],"different":[89],"baseline":[90,119],"cases.":[91],"Then,":[92],"new":[94],"maximum":[95],"likelihood":[96],"established":[99],"using":[100,154],"MB":[102,159],"pdfs,":[104],"which":[105],"has":[106],"much":[108],"steeper":[109],"peak":[110],"around":[111],"true":[113],"value":[115],"than":[116],"single":[118],"case":[120],"leads":[122],"higher":[124],"accuracy.":[126],"The":[127],"W2UP":[129],"estimates":[131],"from":[135],"multiple":[136],"filtered":[137],"interferograms,":[138],"so":[139],"it":[140],"less":[142],"influenced":[143],"by":[144],"noise.":[147],"Both":[148],"theoretical":[150],"analysis":[151],"results":[153],"simulated":[156],"real":[158],"data":[160],"are":[161],"provided":[162],"verify":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"method.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}