{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905481045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885698","title":"Unlabeled Short Text Similarity With LSTM Encoder","display_name":"Unlabeled Short Text Similarity With LSTM Encoder","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905481045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885698","mag":"2905481045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08570751.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08570751.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101046105","display_name":"Lin Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056043663","display_name":"Zhengyu Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-5688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102790255","display_name":"Huansheng Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6413-193X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huansheng Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101046105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89383141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"3430","last_page":"3437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7946659922599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.7261698246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7215192317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6581630706787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6439640522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.640451192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6209242343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.5738341808319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5207257866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4978775978088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.49224868416786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4746161997318268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.473980575799942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46217837929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigonometric-functions","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","score":0.44368797540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4392937123775482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3356587290763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.127226322889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.10778486728668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10359019041061401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7946659922599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.7261698246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7215192317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6581630706787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6439640522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.640451192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6209242343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.5738341808319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5207257866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4978775978088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.49224868416786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4746161997318268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.473980575799942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46217837929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.44368797540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4392937123775482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3356587290763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.127226322889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.10778486728668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10359019041061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08570751.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9cc563158c9c4237b1eea27ea555a389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9cc563158c9c4237b1eea27ea555a389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 3430-3437 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08570751.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2247237226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1872038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2695452631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4067208378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4853450009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61811530335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4942694885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-BD-18-016A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G63104715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6147103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905481045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905481045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27263903","https://openalex.org/W135761774","https://openalex.org/W158057341","https://openalex.org/W174630521","https://openalex.org/W658020064","https://openalex.org/W1496099853","https://openalex.org/W1566018662","https://openalex.org/W1612003148","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1748393397","https://openalex.org/W1942015218","https://openalex.org/W1960027552","https://openalex.org/W1980776243","https://openalex.org/W1991969934","https://openalex.org/W2028742638","https://openalex.org/W2040546864","https://openalex.org/W2053968437","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2120779048","https://openalex.org/W2133436118","https://openalex.org/W2142120379","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2171313960","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W6601079536","https://openalex.org/W6605505115","https://openalex.org/W6606412491","https://openalex.org/W6607104753","https://openalex.org/W6621906925","https://openalex.org/W6629689592","https://openalex.org/W6633661181","https://openalex.org/W6636440780","https://openalex.org/W6637689287","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6678039958","https://openalex.org/W6679642630","https://openalex.org/W6898505805","https://openalex.org/W7037643018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248119222","https://openalex.org/W126212742","https://openalex.org/W1948687848","https://openalex.org/W2953417386","https://openalex.org/W2135511601","https://openalex.org/W2473504045","https://openalex.org/W875509673","https://openalex.org/W2170543300","https://openalex.org/W4313413039","https://openalex.org/W2780505894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"texts":[1,133],"play":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,14,49],"our":[7,121],"daily":[8],"communication.":[9],"It":[10,34],"has":[11],"been":[12],"applied":[13],"many":[15],"fields.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"propose":[21],"a":[22,136],"novel":[23],"short":[24,98,105,132,144],"text":[25,106,145],"similarity":[26,95,146],"measurement":[27,147],"algorithm-based":[28],"long":[29],"short-term":[30],"memory":[31],"(LSTM)":[32],"encoder.":[33],"contains":[35],"preprocessing,":[36],"training,":[37],"and":[38,73,111,128,134,139],"evaluating":[39,86],"stages.":[40],"Our":[41],"preprocessing":[42],"algorithm":[43,122],"can":[44,123],"avoid":[45],"gradient":[46],"vanishing":[47],"problems":[48],"the":[50,63,68,75,80,93,113],"process":[51,79],"of":[52,70,82,96,108,131],"backward":[53],"propagation":[54],"faster":[55],"after":[56],"normalization.":[57],"The":[58,85,116],"training":[59],"stage":[60,87],"fully":[61,124],"leverages":[62],"inception":[64],"module":[65],"to":[66,78,91,142],"extract":[67],"features":[69],"different":[71,109],"dimensions":[72],"improves":[74],"LSTM":[76],"network":[77],"relationships":[81],"word":[83],"sequences.":[84],"employs":[88],"cosine":[89],"distance":[90],"calculate":[92],"semantic":[94,126],"two":[97,104],"texts.":[99],"We":[100],"do":[101],"experiments":[102],"on":[103],"dataset":[107],"lengths":[110],"analyze":[112],"experiment":[114,117],"result.":[115],"result":[118],"shows":[119],"that":[120],"employ":[125],"information":[127,130],"sequence":[129],"have":[135],"higher":[137],"accuracy":[138],"recall":[140],"compared":[141],"other":[143],"algorithms.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}