{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905851711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885592","title":"A Novel VLSI Architecture for Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Acquisition Engine","display_name":"A Novel VLSI Architecture for Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Acquisition Engine","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905851711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885592","mag":"2905851711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08581594.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08581594.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102879262","display_name":"Yuheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-045X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-045X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055158603","display_name":"Xiaohui Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332980","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.9977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98417122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"655","last_page":"665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6575729846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5976952314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.47593286633491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46234551072120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.43642523884773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.37670689821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.34245362877845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23399904370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22907325625419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1748426854610443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6575729846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5976952314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.47593286633491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46234551072120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.43642523884773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.37670689821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.34245362877845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23399904370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22907325625419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1748426854610443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08581594.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb29fba6987b4227ac58c53e243479b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb29fba6987b4227ac58c53e243479b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 655-665 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2885592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2885592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08581594.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905851711.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905851711.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550647053","https://openalex.org/W1905874628","https://openalex.org/W1998604206","https://openalex.org/W2014418505","https://openalex.org/W2059873911","https://openalex.org/W2166839399","https://openalex.org/W2415832832","https://openalex.org/W2610827806","https://openalex.org/W2753457386","https://openalex.org/W2763364291","https://openalex.org/W2765109044","https://openalex.org/W2765504845","https://openalex.org/W2776408955","https://openalex.org/W2795647269","https://openalex.org/W6653911287","https://openalex.org/W6750369513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566455368","https://openalex.org/W2565613228","https://openalex.org/W1961916646","https://openalex.org/W2148313147","https://openalex.org/W1996377929","https://openalex.org/W2150798595","https://openalex.org/W2152454158","https://openalex.org/W2056318447","https://openalex.org/W2112365813","https://openalex.org/W1948034020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,163],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,167,174],"novel":[4],"VLSI":[5],"architecture":[6,21],"of":[7,33,57,73,89,111,121,138,150,177],"GNSS":[8],"acquisition":[9,52,59,130,152,158],"engine":[10,60,153,159],"based":[11],"on":[12,70],"short-time":[13,140],"correlation":[14],"combined":[15],"with":[16,49,95,128],"an":[17,81],"FFT":[18],"scheme.":[19],"The":[20,36,157,171],"supports":[22],"multi-constellation":[23],"systems":[24],"and":[25,46,75,85,97,117,145,183],"multi-frequency":[26],"satellite":[27],"signals":[28,38],"flexibly":[29],"by":[30,63],"the":[31,54,58,65,71,86,108,112,118,122,129,136,139,146,151,190],"manner":[32],"time-division":[34],"multiplexing.":[35],"supported":[37],"include":[39],"GPS,":[40],"BDS,":[41],"GLONASS,":[42],"GALILEO,":[43],"QZSS,":[44],"IRNSS,":[45],"SBAS.":[47],"Compared":[48],"other":[50],"direct":[51],"structures,":[53],"search":[55],"efficiency":[56],"is":[61,93,143,154,164],"improved":[62],"using":[64],"IF":[66],"playback":[67],"structure.":[68],"Based":[69],"characteristics":[72],"L1C":[74,96],"B1C":[76,98],"signal":[77],"spread":[78,99,113,124],"spectrum":[79,100,114,125],"codes,":[80],"efficient":[82],"generation":[83,119],"method":[84],"circuit":[87],"structure":[88,137],"Legendre":[90],"sequence":[91],"which":[92],"compatible":[94],"codes":[101],"are":[102],"proposed.":[103],"It":[104],"can":[105],"effectively":[106],"reduce":[107],"die":[109],"area":[110,176],"code":[115],"generator":[116],"time":[120],"L1C/B1C":[123],"code.":[126],"Combining":[127],"scheme":[131],"adopted":[132],"in":[133,161,166],"this":[134,162],"paper,":[135],"correlators\u2019":[141],"array":[142],"optimized,":[144],"maximum":[147,191],"clock":[148,192],"frequency":[149,193],"significantly":[155],"improved.":[156],"proposed":[160],"implemented":[165],"55-nm":[168],"CMOS":[169],"technology.":[170],"system":[172],"occupied":[173],"silicon":[175],"2.1":[178],"mm":[179],"<sup":[180],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[182],"consumes":[184],"only":[185],"72.02-mW":[186],"power":[187],"while":[188],"realizing":[189],"at":[194],"about":[195],"333.33":[196],"MHz.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}