{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902083927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","title":"A Hierarchical Routing Scheme With Load Balancing in Software Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"A Hierarchical Routing Scheme With Load Balancing in Software Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902083927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","mag":"2902083927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2884708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068074288","display_name":"Yangshui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-1704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangshui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-1704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101764889","display_name":"Zhilong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9328-9098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9328-9098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100899183","display_name":"Dan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-5594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388286","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-7263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109901","display_name":"Shanghai Urban Transportation Design Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01wxtxj33","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109901"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Urban-Rural Construction and Transportation Development Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Urban-Rural Construction and Transportation Development Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002713029","display_name":"Tao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4870-5942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068074288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85584131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"73774","last_page":"73785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8510724306106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.707517147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5661543607711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5427253246307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.530199408531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.5013301372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.48986193537712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.48723235726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.48091480135917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-sequenced-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","score":0.44847580790519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.4213476777076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3072453737258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0984380841255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.05945059657096863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8510724306106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.707517147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5661543607711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5427253246307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.530199408531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.5013301372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.48986193537712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.48723235726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.48091480135917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.44847580790519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.4213476777076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3072453737258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0984380841255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.05945059657096863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2884708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af4d161e8f0e4f458616ac2d42e47c93","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af4d161e8f0e4f458616ac2d42e47c93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 73774-73785 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2884708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2884708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G110119875","display_name":"\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f66\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1834021097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1901326799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017RC07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4657859230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L172032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8037493877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L161005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672245655","https://openalex.org/W1909381498","https://openalex.org/W2017320264","https://openalex.org/W2023858199","https://openalex.org/W2024045552","https://openalex.org/W2025592886","https://openalex.org/W2056424506","https://openalex.org/W2061792621","https://openalex.org/W2067747711","https://openalex.org/W2074487294","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2123947375","https://openalex.org/W2124651399","https://openalex.org/W2132172585","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2239965599","https://openalex.org/W2295854882","https://openalex.org/W2473431450","https://openalex.org/W2502552388","https://openalex.org/W2548961018","https://openalex.org/W2605040648","https://openalex.org/W2622319570","https://openalex.org/W2625371081","https://openalex.org/W4232207737","https://openalex.org/W6656689407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416817414","https://openalex.org/W2144907052","https://openalex.org/W2055056424","https://openalex.org/W2533666456","https://openalex.org/W1995089019","https://openalex.org/W1720399099","https://openalex.org/W1495108402","https://openalex.org/W2139978795","https://openalex.org/W2556085376","https://openalex.org/W2799855775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"vast":[1],"majority":[2],"of":[3,55,90,132,160],"routing":[4,66,142,153,174],"approaches":[5],"for":[6,68,141],"vehicular":[7],"ad":[8],"hoc":[9],"networks":[10],"(VANETs)":[11],"are":[12,15,139],"distributed,":[13],"which":[14,51],"ineffective":[16],"to":[17,26,82,144],"exploit":[18],"the":[19,53,71,83,126,151],"global":[20],"networking":[21],"information":[22],"and":[23,33,86,101,118,166],"easily":[24],"lead":[25],"local":[27],"optimum,":[28],"appearing":[29],"as":[30],"sparse":[31],"connectivity":[32,94],"network":[34,40],"congestion.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"by":[37],"combining":[38],"software-defined":[39,45],"architecture":[41],"together":[42],"with":[43,92,115,122,171],"VANETs,":[44],"VANETs":[46],"(SDVN)":[47],"is":[48],"widely":[49],"concerned,":[50],"shows":[52],"benefits":[54],"centralized":[56],"control.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,109],"propose":[62],"a":[63,74,88,111,130],"hierarchical":[64],"geography":[65],"protocol":[67,72],"SDVN.":[69],"First,":[70],"divides":[73],"large":[75],"region":[76],"into":[77],"multiple":[78],"small":[79],"grids":[80,91],"according":[81,143],"geographical":[84],"location":[85],"finds":[87],"series":[89,131],"good":[93],"based":[95],"on":[96,135],"real-time":[97],"grid":[98],"vehicle":[99,103],"density":[100],"historical":[102],"transfer":[104],"probability":[105],"between":[106],"grids.":[107,128],"Second,":[108],"construct":[110],"path":[112,138],"cost":[113],"function":[114],"load":[116],"balancing":[117],"keep":[119],"two":[120],"paths":[121],"minimal":[123],"costs":[124],"from":[125],"selected":[127,137],"Finally,":[129],"relay":[133],"nodes":[134],"each":[136],"filtered":[140],"node":[145],"utility.":[146],"Simulation":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"that":[150],"proposed":[152],"algorithm":[154],"achieves":[155],"significant":[156],"gains":[157],"in":[158],"terms":[159],"delivery":[161],"ratio,":[162],"throughput,":[163],"average":[164,167],"delay,":[165],"hop":[168],"count":[169],"compared":[170],"several":[172],"existing":[173],"protocols.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
