{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906696915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883500","title":"New Approach for Conversational Agent Definition by Non-Programmers: A Visual Domain-Specific Language","display_name":"New Approach for Conversational Agent Definition by Non-Programmers: A Visual Domain-Specific Language","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906696915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883500","mag":"2906696915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08601197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08601197.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078102901","display_name":"Luis Rodr\u00edguez-Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1418"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Rodriguez-Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabsLand-C. Gord\u00f3niz, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabsLand-C. Gord\u00f3niz, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016172935","display_name":"Javier Garc\u00eda-Zub\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4462-8487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Garcia-Zubia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028979857","display_name":"Pablo Ordu\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-3624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Orduna","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabsLand-C. Gord\u00f3niz, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabsLand-C. Gord\u00f3niz, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006367446","display_name":"Aitor Villar-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-2235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aitor Villar-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeustoTech-Deusto Foundation, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeustoTech-Deusto Foundation, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071955887","display_name":"Diego L\u00f3pez\u2013de\u2013Ipi\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Lopez-De-Ipina","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeustoTech-Deusto Foundation, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeustoTech-Deusto Foundation, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88731126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"5262","last_page":"5276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8509514331817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8098273277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6548863053321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5626499056816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.48146191239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-language","display_name":"Domain-specific language","score":0.4191358983516693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.383354514837265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3701379895210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3468599319458008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8509514331817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8098273277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6548863053321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5626499056816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.48146191239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.4191358983516693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.383354514837265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3701379895210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3468599319458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08601197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aec26d9c9a5e46209463ee9b807334a8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aec26d9c9a5e46209463ee9b807334a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 5262-5276 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08601197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906696915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906696915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W24560424","https://openalex.org/W229986046","https://openalex.org/W1490935989","https://openalex.org/W1517725046","https://openalex.org/W1543678897","https://openalex.org/W1549020194","https://openalex.org/W1554595467","https://openalex.org/W1556836847","https://openalex.org/W1569880618","https://openalex.org/W1673560305","https://openalex.org/W1765007093","https://openalex.org/W1765030997","https://openalex.org/W1777937475","https://openalex.org/W1839411169","https://openalex.org/W1909638500","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1990520274","https://openalex.org/W2004440041","https://openalex.org/W2009434747","https://openalex.org/W2019387889","https://openalex.org/W2021291367","https://openalex.org/W2025691702","https://openalex.org/W2027484976","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2035458447","https://openalex.org/W2042033648","https://openalex.org/W2070617375","https://openalex.org/W2084516384","https://openalex.org/W2085465433","https://openalex.org/W2091168828","https://openalex.org/W2100970477","https://openalex.org/W2111754733","https://openalex.org/W2120136505","https://openalex.org/W2120932048","https://openalex.org/W2125344860","https://openalex.org/W2127881954","https://openalex.org/W2137348161","https://openalex.org/W2137499279","https://openalex.org/W2147174775","https://openalex.org/W2154686027","https://openalex.org/W2155217849","https://openalex.org/W2161466446","https://openalex.org/W2204098710","https://openalex.org/W2229710742","https://openalex.org/W2234939589","https://openalex.org/W2261910606","https://openalex.org/W2268390250","https://openalex.org/W2338197793","https://openalex.org/W2340987245","https://openalex.org/W2401557602","https://openalex.org/W2404222454","https://openalex.org/W2471105315","https://openalex.org/W2498398901","https://openalex.org/W2501933020","https://openalex.org/W2513654055","https://openalex.org/W2542983349","https://openalex.org/W2579648960","https://openalex.org/W4236521339","https://openalex.org/W4252842235","https://openalex.org/W4292153570","https://openalex.org/W6600808634","https://openalex.org/W6629300434","https://openalex.org/W6633290112","https://openalex.org/W6637745957","https://openalex.org/W6713223859","https://openalex.org/W6725779757","https://openalex.org/W6732100246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057033141","https://openalex.org/W4252103056","https://openalex.org/W2979406678","https://openalex.org/W4242858628","https://openalex.org/W2915857720","https://openalex.org/W2085476653","https://openalex.org/W3006129753","https://openalex.org/W2760890779","https://openalex.org/W2963779988","https://openalex.org/W2089624834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"tutors":[1],"and":[2,28,38,52,100,139,151],"conversational":[3],"agents":[4,71],"(CAs)":[5],"have":[6,14],"proven":[7],"to":[8,26,46,68,92,118,161,163],"be":[9,44,55],"useful":[10],"learning":[11],"tools.":[12],"They":[13,42],"potential":[15],"not":[16],"only":[17],"as":[18,23,49,94],"stand-alone":[19],"devices":[20],"but":[21],"also":[22,85],"integrable":[24,56,89],"components":[25],"enrich":[27],"complement":[29],"other":[30],"educational":[31,60],"resources.":[32],"For":[33],"this,":[34],"new":[35,66],"authoring":[36,90,122],"approaches":[37],"platforms":[39],"are":[40],"required.":[41],"should":[43,54],"accessible":[45],"non-programmers":[47],"(such":[48],"most":[50],"teachers)":[51],"they":[53,129,144],"into":[57],"current":[58],"web-based":[59,88],"platforms.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65,73,87,95,110,131,134,146,152,169],"approach":[67,107,182],"define":[69],"such":[70],"through":[72,124],"visual":[74],"domain-specific":[75,166],"language":[76,167],"based":[77],"on":[78],"Google":[79],"Blockly":[80],"(a":[81],"scratch-like":[82],"language).":[83],"It":[84],"develops":[86],"platform":[91,123],"serve":[93],"prototype,":[96],"describing":[97],"the":[98,120,165,173,181],"requirements":[99],"architecture.":[101],"To":[102],"evaluate":[103],"whether":[104],"this":[105],"novel":[106],"is":[108,186,200],"effective,":[109],"multi-stage":[111],"experiment":[112],"was":[113],"conducted.":[114],"First,":[115],"participants":[116,158],"learned":[117],"use":[119,164],"prototype":[121,196],"an":[125],"interactive":[126],"tutorial.":[127],"Second,":[128],"created":[130],"CA":[132],"with":[133],"specific":[135],"domain":[136],"model.":[137],"Times":[138],"performance":[140],"were":[141,159],"measured.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"answered":[145],"standardized":[147,189],"usability":[148,199],"questionnaire":[149,190],"(UMUX)":[150],"purpose-specific":[153,174],"survey.":[154],"Results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157,177,192],"able":[160],"learn":[162],"in":[168,194],"short":[170],"time.":[171],"Moreover,":[172],"survey":[175],"indicates":[176,191],"their":[178],"perception":[179],"of":[180],"(and":[183],"its":[184,195,198],"potential)":[185],"positive.":[187],"The":[188],"even":[193],"stage,":[197],"satisfactory.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
