{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903076755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","title":"LuxSteg: First Practical Implementation of Steganography in VLC","display_name":"LuxSteg: First Practical Implementation of Steganography in VLC","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903076755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","mag":"2903076755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011243236","display_name":"Grzegorz Blinowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-2828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Blinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-2828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018425822","display_name":"Piotr Januszewski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Januszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015146315","display_name":"Grzegorz St\u0119pniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-3657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Stepniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009166088","display_name":"Krzysztof Szczypiorski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-8584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Szczypiorski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-8584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59373667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"74366","last_page":"74375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.864551842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8384832143783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5491636991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.5162832140922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream","display_name":"Data stream","score":0.5125081539154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.5051639676094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.48300278186798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.44712457060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.4404821991920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41680267453193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3316989541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.2497996985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.17196235060691833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.864551842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8384832143783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5491636991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.5162832140922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172540","display_name":"Data stream","level":2,"score":0.5125081539154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.5051639676094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.48300278186798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.44712457060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.4404821991920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41680267453193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3316989541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.2497996985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.17196235060691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eca751485a8147fb9fb5bb3c8502768d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eca751485a8147fb9fb5bb3c8502768d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 74366-74375 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956880824","https://openalex.org/W1973136306","https://openalex.org/W1979570511","https://openalex.org/W1986797098","https://openalex.org/W1988353467","https://openalex.org/W2002930343","https://openalex.org/W2007756244","https://openalex.org/W2010543149","https://openalex.org/W2013894416","https://openalex.org/W2031029123","https://openalex.org/W2036983539","https://openalex.org/W2037405583","https://openalex.org/W2051608772","https://openalex.org/W2058219874","https://openalex.org/W2063699553","https://openalex.org/W2099434077","https://openalex.org/W2106802517","https://openalex.org/W2109603334","https://openalex.org/W2118431045","https://openalex.org/W2124891231","https://openalex.org/W2125446515","https://openalex.org/W2126725509","https://openalex.org/W2142112745","https://openalex.org/W2153484613","https://openalex.org/W2198813472","https://openalex.org/W2240462736","https://openalex.org/W2272996903","https://openalex.org/W2292942110","https://openalex.org/W2331529647","https://openalex.org/W2502170095","https://openalex.org/W2568370688","https://openalex.org/W2752078675","https://openalex.org/W2917798038","https://openalex.org/W2963610365","https://openalex.org/W2963706291","https://openalex.org/W4250145376","https://openalex.org/W6640743670","https://openalex.org/W6653064068","https://openalex.org/W6676685727","https://openalex.org/W6743920859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1201724995","https://openalex.org/W4312120812","https://openalex.org/W3036803584","https://openalex.org/W1988415609","https://openalex.org/W3097972850","https://openalex.org/W1554146828","https://openalex.org/W4389449520","https://openalex.org/W127192698","https://openalex.org/W2570600173","https://openalex.org/W2893008024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible-light":[0],"communication":[1,27,63],"(VLC)":[2],"is":[3,21,28,38],"a":[4,118,159,169],"new":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,56],"high-speed,":[8],"low-cost":[9],"wireless":[10],"data":[11,79,115,142,155,171,187],"transmission":[12,116,161,195],"services.":[13],"One":[14],"of":[15,50,89,108,113,163,177,185],"the":[16,34,47,61,87,93,102,106,111,147,153,175,178,190,193],"areas":[17],"in":[18,64,92,117,168],"which":[19],"VLC":[20,35,52,85,119,124],"considered":[22],"superior":[23],"to":[24,58,77,105],"traditional":[25],"radio-based":[26,78],"security.":[29],"The":[30],"common":[31],"slogan":[32],"summarizing":[33],"security":[36],"features":[37],"WYSIWYS-":[39],"\u201cWhat":[40],"You":[41,45],"See":[42],"Is":[43],"What":[44],"Send.\u201dHowever,":[46],"broadcast":[48],"nature":[49],"downlink":[51],"makes":[53],"it":[54],"possible":[55],"eavesdroppers":[57],"easily":[59],"intercept":[60],"light":[62],"various":[65],"settings,":[66],"e.g.,":[67],"offices,":[68],"conference":[69],"rooms,":[70],"plenum":[71],"spaces,":[72],"and":[73,130,150,189,198],"so":[74],"on.":[75],"Similarly":[76],"broadcasting":[80],"systems,":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"Wi-Fi,":[84],"opens":[86],"possibilities":[88],"hiding":[90],"information":[91],"public":[94],"channel.":[95],"In":[96,137],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"describe":[100],"(for":[101],"first":[103],"time,":[104],"best":[107],"our":[109,138],"knowledge)":[110],"implementation":[112],"steganographic":[114,141,160],"system":[120,125],"called":[121],"LuxSteg.":[122],"This":[123],"utilizes":[126],"pulse":[127],"position":[128],"modulation":[129],"direct":[131],"sequence-code":[132],"division":[133],"multiple":[134,140],"access":[135],"modulation.":[136],"implementation,":[139],"streams":[143],"are":[144],"mixed":[145],"with":[146,152],"spreading":[148,179,181],"codes":[149],"combined":[151],"overt":[154],"stream.":[156,172],"We":[157,173],"achieve":[158],"rate":[162],"approximately":[164],"1":[165],"Mb/s":[166],"hidden":[167,186],"110-Mb/s":[170],"analyze":[174],"influence":[176],"factor,":[180],"code":[182],"type,":[183],"number":[184],"streams,":[188],"amplitude":[191],"on":[192],"achievable":[194],"rate,":[196],"undetectability,":[197],"robustness.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}