{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901048538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","title":"A Density-Based Offloading Strategy for IoT Devices in Edge Computing Systems","display_name":"A Density-Based Offloading Strategy for IoT Devices in Edge Computing Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901048538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","mag":"2901048538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2882452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439693","display_name":"Cheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-7546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018608721","display_name":"Hailiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-6815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055284175","display_name":"Shuiguang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiguang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100439693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97929233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"73520","last_page":"73530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.8791817426681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8609086871147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5827714204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5650402307510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5499821901321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.547373354434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5256960391998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.51219242811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4808264970779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4768282473087311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4688490629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2717466652393341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10682156682014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09439262747764587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.8791817426681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8609086871147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5827714204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5650402307510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5499821901321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.547373354434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5256960391998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.51219242811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4808264970779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4768282473087311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4688490629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2717466652393341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10682156682014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09439262747764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2882452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8d406fc7be646d5987e1e6bac1f1457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8d406fc7be646d5987e1e6bac1f1457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 73520-73530 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2882452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2882452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6108535975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LR18F020003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6372922776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G844644246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17F020014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695439204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1400601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1235050938","https://openalex.org/W1556911442","https://openalex.org/W1569990960","https://openalex.org/W1966769064","https://openalex.org/W1983916623","https://openalex.org/W2000953623","https://openalex.org/W2082011829","https://openalex.org/W2111095666","https://openalex.org/W2119328434","https://openalex.org/W2132742372","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2261198379","https://openalex.org/W2319025701","https://openalex.org/W2342663885","https://openalex.org/W2392395307","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2410548068","https://openalex.org/W2517954496","https://openalex.org/W2522584596","https://openalex.org/W2524573328","https://openalex.org/W2564810971","https://openalex.org/W2593138756","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2604119386","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2765605909","https://openalex.org/W2794343007","https://openalex.org/W2794838781","https://openalex.org/W2803336594","https://openalex.org/W2951460178","https://openalex.org/W2962766183","https://openalex.org/W4241319329","https://openalex.org/W6628085976","https://openalex.org/W6745498738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W4225987626","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W4406207611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collaboration":[0],"spaces":[1],"formed":[2],"from":[3,116],"edge":[4,41,64,68,81,121,132],"servers":[5,82,133],"can":[6,91,190,208],"efficiently":[7],"improve":[8,93],"the":[9,26,84,94,130,138,162,178,187,216],"quality":[10],"of":[11,13,28,30,40,78,80,87,96,102,129,141,164,211,224],"experience":[12],"service":[14,103,195],"subscribers.":[15,104],"In":[16,123],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"we":[19,56],"first":[20],"utilize":[21],"a":[22,150,219],"strategy":[23],"based":[24,157],"on":[25,158,218],"density":[27],"Internet":[29],"Things":[31],"(IoT)":[32],"devices":[33,90,119],"and":[34,66,83,99,107,147],"k-means":[35],"algorithm":[36,45,167,188,207],"to":[37,58,63,70,113,120,125,175,180],"partition":[38],"network":[39,97],"servers,":[42,65],"then":[43],"an":[44,166],"for":[46],"IoT":[47,60,89,118,143],"devices'":[48,61],"computation":[49],"offloading":[50],"decisions":[51],"is":[52,74,145,173,197],"proposed,":[53],"i.e.,":[54],"whether":[55,177,194],"need":[57],"offload":[59,114],"workload":[62],"which":[67],"server":[69],"choose":[71],"if":[72],"migration":[73],"needed.":[75],"The":[76],"combination":[77],"locations":[79],"geographic":[85],"distribution":[86,156],"various":[88,117],"significantly":[92],"scheduling":[95],"resources":[98],"satisfy":[100],"requirements":[101],"We":[105],"analyze":[106],"build":[108],"mathematical":[109],"models":[110],"about":[111],"whether/how":[112],"tasks":[115,179],"servers.":[122],"order":[124],"better":[126],"simulate":[127],"operations":[128],"mobile":[131],"in":[134],"more":[135],"realistic":[136],"scenarios,":[137],"input":[139],"size":[140],"each":[142],"device":[144],"uncertain":[146],"regarded":[148],"as":[149],"random":[151],"variable":[152],"following":[153],"some":[154],"probability":[155],"long-term":[159],"observations.":[160],"On":[161],"basis":[163],"that,":[165],"utilizing":[168],"sample":[169],"average":[170],"approximation":[171],"method":[172],"proposed":[174,189],"discuss":[176],"be":[181],"executed":[182],"locally":[183],"or":[184,199],"offloaded.":[185],"Besides,":[186],"also":[191],"help":[192],"decide":[193],"relocation/migration":[196],"needed":[198],"not.":[200],"Finally,":[201],"simulation":[202],"results":[203],"show":[204],"that":[205],"our":[206],"achieve":[209],"20%":[210],"global":[212],"cost":[213],"less":[214],"than":[215],"benchmark":[217],"true":[220],"base":[221],"station":[222],"dataset":[223],"Hangzhou.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}