{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900866761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881042","title":"Development of an Automated Screening System for Retinopathy of Prematurity Using a Deep Neural Network for Wide-Angle Retinal Images","display_name":"Development of an Automated Screening System for Retinopathy of Prematurity Using a Deep Neural Network for Wide-Angle Retinal Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900866761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881042","mag":"2900866761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2881042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881042","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08532347.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08532347.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085456539","display_name":"Yinsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-8809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-8809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336197","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-0080"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTEICT Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTEICT Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064242236","display_name":"Zhenquan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4108-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenquan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118983873","display_name":"Jian Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419302","display_name":"Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7944-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021768064","display_name":"Ruyin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruyin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108276369","display_name":"Jinfeng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618997","display_name":"Guoming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-8125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Retinal Surgery Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085456539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.8116,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95895265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"10232","last_page":"10241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy-of-prematurity","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","score":0.9117767810821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7316973209381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.6223800182342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5697759389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4907926023006439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4566279351711273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.32784080505371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.23622119426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17356860637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"Gestational age","score":0.0717628002166748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423087","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","level":4,"score":0.9117767810821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7316973209381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.6223800182342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5697759389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4907926023006439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4566279351711273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.32784080505371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.23622119426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17356860637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.0717628002166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2881042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881042","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08532347.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e05879ab9b8c4645ac6eb1fbaeed3c8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e05879ab9b8c4645ac6eb1fbaeed3c8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 10232-10241 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2881042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2881042","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08532347.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1271049342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91746202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1528987309","display_name":"\u5927\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5168\u666f\u5f0f\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u5b89\u5168\u4e91\u51b3\u7b56\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u5e73\u53f0\u53ca\u793a\u8303\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"91746202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794157428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201808330609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2776223795","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6e90\u5f02\u6784\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76:\u4ee5\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u5b89\u5168\u5feb\u68c0\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u4f8b","funder_award_id":"71801189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3684547771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201808330609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5650986909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71433006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G584404297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5949709060","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d28\u91cf\u94fe\u534f\u540c\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71433006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6446305390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20170817112542555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G664059370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1002301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8156330889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900866761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900866761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544686984","https://openalex.org/W1984756734","https://openalex.org/W1998726711","https://openalex.org/W2028190897","https://openalex.org/W2034615738","https://openalex.org/W2039509869","https://openalex.org/W2057536936","https://openalex.org/W2084490468","https://openalex.org/W2099963894","https://openalex.org/W2150901283","https://openalex.org/W2159764117","https://openalex.org/W2189971045","https://openalex.org/W2323799950","https://openalex.org/W2338036999","https://openalex.org/W2523058522","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2563437364","https://openalex.org/W2566022838","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2752747624","https://openalex.org/W2785410040","https://openalex.org/W2795730756","https://openalex.org/W2800012666","https://openalex.org/W2803087291","https://openalex.org/W2804536347","https://openalex.org/W4293437635","https://openalex.org/W6605276119","https://openalex.org/W6682778277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W415308517","https://openalex.org/W4255079005","https://openalex.org/W3112525243","https://openalex.org/W3129370351","https://openalex.org/W2092834228","https://openalex.org/W4386645458","https://openalex.org/W1123800087","https://openalex.org/W2561152088","https://openalex.org/W2326843259","https://openalex.org/W2977484698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinopathy":[0],"of":[1,6,10,23,31,41,124,246,251,266],"prematurity":[2],"(ROP)":[3],"is":[4,26],"one":[5],"the":[7,29,38,66,111,144,151,163,167,180,187,198,202,210,213,231,244,249],"main":[8],"causes":[9],"childhood":[11],"blindness.":[12],"However,":[13],"insufficient":[14],"ophthalmologists":[15,78,183,233],"are":[16],"qualified":[17],"for":[18,37],"ROP":[19,56,84,247],"screening.":[20,57],"The":[21,43,87,115,135,177],"objective":[22],"this":[24],"paper":[25],"to":[27,64,100,192,230,264],"evaluate":[28],"performance":[30],"a":[32,70,121],"deep":[33],"neural":[34],"network":[35],"(DNN)":[36],"automated":[39],"screening":[40,245],"ROP.":[42],"training":[44,89],"and":[45,94,108,127,146,166,189,224,240,261],"test":[46,122,152],"sets":[47],"came":[48],"from":[49,55,179],"420":[50],"365":[51],"wide-angle":[52,252],"retina":[53],"images":[54,93],"A":[58],"transfer":[59,112],"learning":[60,113],"scheme":[61],"was":[62,98,228],"designed":[63],"train":[65],"DNN":[67,104,215],"classifier.":[68],"First,":[69],"pre-processing":[71],"classifier":[72],"separated":[73],"unqualified":[74],"images.":[75],"Then,":[76],"pediatric":[77,132,182,232,267],"labeled":[79,88],"each":[80],"image":[81],"as":[82],"either":[83],"or":[85],"negative.":[86],"set":[90],"(8090":[91],"positive":[92],"9711":[95],"negative":[96],"ones)":[97],"used":[99],"fine-tune":[101],"three":[102],"candidate":[103],"classifiers":[105,117],"(AlexNet,":[106],"VGG-16,":[107],"GoogLeNet)":[109],"with":[110,129],"approach.":[114],"resultant":[116],"were":[118,154,171,184],"evaluated":[119,172],"on":[120,150],"dataset":[123,153],"1742":[125],"samples":[126],"compared":[128],"five":[130,181],"independent":[131],"retinal":[133,253],"ophthalmologists.":[134,268],"receiver":[136],"operating":[137],"characteristic":[138],"(ROC)":[139],"curve,":[140,145,212],"ROC":[141,188],"area":[142],"under":[143],"precision-recall":[147],"(P-R)":[148],"curve":[149],"analyzed.":[155],"Accuracy,":[156],"precision,":[157,262],"sensitivity":[158,175],"(recall),":[159],"specificity,":[160,223,239,260],"F1":[161,207],"score,":[162],"Youden":[164],"index,":[165],"Matthews":[168],"correlation":[169],"coefficient":[170],"at":[173],"different":[174],"cutoffs.":[176],"data":[178],"plotted":[185],"in":[186,209],"P-R":[190,211],"curves":[191],"visualize":[193],"their":[194],"performances.":[195],"VGG-16":[196],"achieved":[197,217],"best":[199],"performance.":[200],"At":[201],"cutoff":[203],"point":[204],"that":[205,265],"maximized":[206],"score":[208],"final":[214],"model":[216],"98.8%":[218],"accuracy,":[219,235,258],"94.1%":[220],"sensitivity,":[221,237,259],"99.3%":[222],"93.0%":[225],"precision.":[226],"This":[227],"comparable":[229,263],"(98.8%":[234],"93.5%":[236],"99.5%":[238],"96.7%":[241],"precision).":[242],"In":[243],"using":[248],"evaluation":[250],"images,":[254],"DNNs":[255],"had":[256],"high":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}