{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901454185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","title":"A Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Providing Ancillary Services","display_name":"A Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Providing Ancillary Services","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901454185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","mag":"2901454185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2880443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110668194","display_name":"Abdelrahman Aldik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Aldik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-7700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001054886","display_name":"Ali T. Al\u2010Awami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali T. Al-Awami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061696820","display_name":"Eric Sortomme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138624","display_name":"University of Washington Bothell","ror":"https://ror.org/02ygzhr13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sortomme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005571001","display_name":"Ammar M. Muqbel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-986X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar M. Muqbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89708914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"70685","last_page":"70697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/news-aggregator","display_name":"News aggregator","score":0.7384966611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.7114710211753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff","display_name":"Tariff","score":0.5885166525840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5544732809066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.507415235042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.48920512199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4828813374042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48005399107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4376324415206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4374024271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4161813259124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.3366638720035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.17567822337150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11163222789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.09490174055099487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180505990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498267","display_name":"News aggregator","level":2,"score":0.7384966611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.7114710211753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.5885166525840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5544732809066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.507415235042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.48920512199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4828813374042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48005399107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4376324415206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4374024271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4161813259124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3366638720035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17567822337150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11163222789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.09490174055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2880443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa04c5a715d943ecbbacf9bfbc47b669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa04c5a715d943ecbbacf9bfbc47b669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 70685-70697 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2880443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4179158420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14-ENE2897-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562083809","https://openalex.org/W1968987283","https://openalex.org/W1969364949","https://openalex.org/W2009566243","https://openalex.org/W2014254642","https://openalex.org/W2015601736","https://openalex.org/W2029243470","https://openalex.org/W2040611596","https://openalex.org/W2043391632","https://openalex.org/W2046046820","https://openalex.org/W2047797663","https://openalex.org/W2061771380","https://openalex.org/W2071687768","https://openalex.org/W2077839994","https://openalex.org/W2078834385","https://openalex.org/W2080064039","https://openalex.org/W2116525489","https://openalex.org/W2118638860","https://openalex.org/W2122741803","https://openalex.org/W2141556589","https://openalex.org/W2142871505","https://openalex.org/W2152046486","https://openalex.org/W2154770714","https://openalex.org/W2161666560","https://openalex.org/W2166628883","https://openalex.org/W2338034668","https://openalex.org/W2426621350","https://openalex.org/W2530974461","https://openalex.org/W2575203424","https://openalex.org/W2587686993","https://openalex.org/W2735026081","https://openalex.org/W2768952788","https://openalex.org/W2790891021","https://openalex.org/W3124996007","https://openalex.org/W6662416198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943352085","https://openalex.org/W2371265714","https://openalex.org/W4319752892","https://openalex.org/W2169332733","https://openalex.org/W3212802924","https://openalex.org/W2554447423","https://openalex.org/W2592016895","https://openalex.org/W3194877138","https://openalex.org/W3109124405","https://openalex.org/W2884689065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,43,62,73],"planning":[4,75,88,157],"model":[5,26],"that":[6],"can":[7],"be":[8],"used":[9,136],"by":[10,68,107],"an":[11],"investor":[12,29],"who":[13],"would":[14],"like":[15],"to":[16,21,152,180],"provide":[17],"ancillary":[18],"services":[19],"(AS)":[20],"electricity":[22,181],"markets.":[23,182],"The":[24,131],"proposed":[25,92],"helps":[27],"the":[28,55,69,78,82,86,91,94,99,109,118,138,142,154,162,165,175],"evaluate":[30],"two":[31,95,143,166],"potential":[32],"options:":[33],"aggregating":[34],"distributed":[35],"batteries":[36],"in":[37,52,123],"electric":[38],"vehicles":[39],"(EVs)":[40],"or":[41],"using":[42],"dedicated":[44],"energy":[45,65],"storage":[46],"system":[47],"(ESS).":[48],"For":[49],"EV":[50,57,70],"aggregations":[51],"AS":[53,124,179],"markets,":[54],"targeted":[56],"fleet":[58],"size,":[59],"which":[60],"is":[61,72,85,126,135],"function":[63],"of":[64,80,156,164],"tariff":[66],"charged":[67],"aggregator,":[71],"key":[74],"consideration.":[76,89],"In":[77],"case":[79],"ESS,":[81],"physical":[83],"size":[84],"main":[87],"Using":[90],"model,":[93],"options":[96,172],"for":[97,114,128,140,177],"maximizing":[98],"investor's":[100,119],"long-term":[101],"payoffs":[102],"are":[103,149],"analyzed":[104],"and":[105,146,158,173],"compared":[106],"assuming":[108],"same":[110],"initial":[111],"investment":[112,144],"cost":[113],"both":[115,171],"options.":[116,167],"Accordingly,":[117],"daily":[120],"bidding":[121],"strategy":[122],"markets":[125],"optimized":[127],"each":[129],"case.":[130],"net":[132],"present":[133],"worth":[134],"as":[137],"basis":[139],"comparing":[141],"options,":[145],"sensitivity":[147],"analyses":[148],"carried":[150],"out":[151],"study":[153],"impact":[155],"operation":[159],"variables":[160],"on":[161],"feasibility":[163],"Simulation":[168],"results":[169,176],"consider":[170],"discuss":[174],"providing":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-05T07:55:05.734416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}