{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896538582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","title":"Proposal for Improving White-Space Channel Availability","display_name":"Proposal for Improving White-Space Channel Availability","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896538582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","mag":"2896538582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2874590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021630881","display_name":"Lessy Sutiyono Aji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-1708"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lessy Sutiyono Aji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of Republic of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-1708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of Republic of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048813856","display_name":"Filbert H. Juwono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-8101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158949172","display_name":"Curtin University Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/024fm2y42","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filbert H. Juwono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029634121","display_name":"Gunawan Wibisono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunawan Wibisono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Depok, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Depok, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077709092","display_name":"Dadang Gunawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dadang Gunawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Depok, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Depok, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68391151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"59528","last_page":"59539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.9015972018241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6958745718002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.6913555264472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6542984843254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6219555735588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-broadcasting","display_name":"Digital broadcasting","score":0.5785795450210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-video-broadcasting","display_name":"Digital Video Broadcasting","score":0.5721268653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-television","display_name":"Digital television","score":0.5709463357925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-audio-broadcasting","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","score":0.5377305746078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dvb-t","display_name":"DVB-T","score":0.5344395637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4979264736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.4598226845264435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-paper","display_name":"White paper","score":0.4318864941596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.43126463890075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30985355377197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2880963087081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2216014862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.19172167778015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.07027649879455566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.9015972018241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6958745718002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6913555264472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6542984843254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6219555735588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41062264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851691","display_name":"Digital broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.5785795450210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551482933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178562","display_name":"Digital Video Broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.5721268653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520681616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202255","display_name":"Digital television","level":2,"score":0.5709463357925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779106878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257510","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.5377305746078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382607","display_name":"DVB-T","level":4,"score":0.5344395637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4979264736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.4598226845264435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223729","display_name":"White paper","level":2,"score":0.4318864941596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.43126463890075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30985355377197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2880963087081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2216014862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.19172167778015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.07027649879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2874590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b652f9cbbc4443b5bbfb0157e8933fc6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b652f9cbbc4443b5bbfb0157e8933fc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 59528-59539 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/71559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/71559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2874590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492382114","https://openalex.org/W1989881065","https://openalex.org/W2046631602","https://openalex.org/W2060409964","https://openalex.org/W2091399141","https://openalex.org/W2102457675","https://openalex.org/W2126916225","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2187410804","https://openalex.org/W2368296999","https://openalex.org/W2439199762","https://openalex.org/W2475914621","https://openalex.org/W2531912925","https://openalex.org/W2547596144","https://openalex.org/W2767067627","https://openalex.org/W2772154323","https://openalex.org/W2784243398","https://openalex.org/W4245941001","https://openalex.org/W6629417548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960553259","https://openalex.org/W2122177116","https://openalex.org/W1520372994","https://openalex.org/W2129904109","https://openalex.org/W2002725073","https://openalex.org/W2065887156","https://openalex.org/W2016548819","https://openalex.org/W2368471775","https://openalex.org/W2551393853","https://openalex.org/W1607598076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"major":[1],"concern":[2],"in":[3,7,33,49,159],"implementing":[4,139],"white-space":[5,69,90,172],"technology":[6],"a":[8,56,74,94,122,148],"television":[9,40,64,89,95],"broadcasting":[10,41,143],"system":[11,17,144],"is":[12,43,55],"the":[13,16,22,34,37,50,62,77,88,107,112,116,128,132,140,152,155,175,181],"ability":[14],"of":[15,39,59,79,109,154],"to":[18,28,105,126,150,185],"provide":[19,170],"information":[20],"about":[21],"vacant":[23],"channels":[24,42,173],"while":[25],"guaranteeing":[26],"protection":[27,117,123],"its":[29],"primary":[30],"users.":[31],"Moreover,":[32],"developing":[35],"countries,":[36],"allocation":[38],"not":[44],"as":[45,47],"good":[46],"that":[48,98,166],"developed":[51],"countries.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"there":[54],"high":[57],"possibility":[58,108],"overlaps":[60,110],"between":[61,111,188],"digital":[63,141],"terrestrial":[65],"coverage":[66,96],"areas":[67,187],"and":[68,84,115,180,190],"areas.":[70,118],"Herein,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73,121],"method":[75,158],"involving":[76],"use":[78,93],"four":[80],"zones\u2014prohibited,":[81],"strict,":[82],"moderate,":[83],"loose":[85],"(PSML)\u2014to":[86],"model":[87,168],"system.":[91],"We":[92,119,146],"area":[97],"has":[99],"less":[100],"than":[101,174],"70%":[102],"location":[103],"probability":[104],"accommodate":[106],"white":[113],"space":[114],"also":[120],"ratio":[124],"value":[125],"complement":[127],"standard":[129],"given":[130],"by":[131,178],"Federal":[133],"Communications":[134],"Committee":[135],"(FCC)":[136],"for":[137],"countries":[138],"video":[142],"(DVB-T2).":[145],"conduct":[147],"test":[149],"analyze":[151],"implementation":[153],"proposed":[156,177],"PSML":[157],"Bali":[160],"Island,":[161],"Indonesia.":[162],"The":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165],"our":[167],"can":[169],"more":[171],"models":[176],"Villardi":[179],"FCC":[182],"when":[183],"applied":[184],"transition":[186],"urban":[189],"rural":[191],"regions.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}