{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897757542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873567","title":"Efficient Confidence-Based Hierarchical Stereo Disparity Upsampling for Noisy Inputs","display_name":"Efficient Confidence-Based Hierarchical Stereo Disparity Upsampling for Noisy Inputs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897757542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873567","mag":"2897757542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2873567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08489850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08489850.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101893034","display_name":"Xiangbing Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-4875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Bing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-4875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400632","display_name":"Mei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031166189","display_name":"Zhaoxing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao-Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053473151","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-0206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110484934","display_name":"Zheng Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113600509","display_name":"Fei\u2013Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei-Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4861,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67284808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"4067","last_page":"4082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.9740298390388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-distribution","display_name":"Confidence distribution","score":0.6304669976234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6293420195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6203862428665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.59227055311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5329514741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4127291738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3376956582069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.3347565829753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28456631302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2045097053050995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18853163719177246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.9740298390388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160087","display_name":"Confidence distribution","level":3,"score":0.6304669976234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6293420195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6203862428665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.59227055311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5329514741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4127291738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3376956582069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3347565829753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28456631302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2045097053050995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18853163719177246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2873567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08489850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3e2e710cb0c45e8b56e56fa0f299031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3e2e710cb0c45e8b56e56fa0f299031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 4067-4082 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2873567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08489850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1812696284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3267308075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61605240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3864574643","display_name":"ERP3.0:\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e73\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71232006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4036798997","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u9632\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61309024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4832151346","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eCPSS\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\u77e5\u8bc6\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u9a8c\u8bc1","funder_award_id":"61533019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8230378891","display_name":"\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","funder_award_id":"61233001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897757542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897757542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491073809","https://openalex.org/W1600748096","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1948643287","https://openalex.org/W1973871580","https://openalex.org/W1988180668","https://openalex.org/W1992503380","https://openalex.org/W1993516682","https://openalex.org/W1996126470","https://openalex.org/W2001494510","https://openalex.org/W2042206775","https://openalex.org/W2044049456","https://openalex.org/W2077251622","https://openalex.org/W2082253268","https://openalex.org/W2092904050","https://openalex.org/W2099712288","https://openalex.org/W2104599718","https://openalex.org/W2104974755","https://openalex.org/W2108134361","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2118273112","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2128684834","https://openalex.org/W2131724888","https://openalex.org/W2133255058","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2150081556","https://openalex.org/W2152407813","https://openalex.org/W2155479981","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2171646521","https://openalex.org/W2220692300","https://openalex.org/W2267427529","https://openalex.org/W2344476956","https://openalex.org/W2512443741","https://openalex.org/W2514234794","https://openalex.org/W2518792500","https://openalex.org/W2520322935","https://openalex.org/W2548514756","https://openalex.org/W2582073395","https://openalex.org/W2595014588","https://openalex.org/W2598349736","https://openalex.org/W2600992685","https://openalex.org/W2678677036","https://openalex.org/W2755513316","https://openalex.org/W2763874937","https://openalex.org/W2777578820","https://openalex.org/W4241716071","https://openalex.org/W6629222711","https://openalex.org/W6635756936","https://openalex.org/W6640763731","https://openalex.org/W6726690622","https://openalex.org/W6735571455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350449091","https://openalex.org/W1977814997","https://openalex.org/W2349984623","https://openalex.org/W913292429","https://openalex.org/W3006095576","https://openalex.org/W2952319098","https://openalex.org/W1546578740","https://openalex.org/W2497972277","https://openalex.org/W2123327042","https://openalex.org/W1501771833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disparity":[0],"upsampling":[1,45,79,106,165,205,248],"techniques":[2],"aim":[3],"to":[4,69,85,131,193,239],"restore":[5],"high-resolution":[6],"disparity":[7,11,37,41,58,110,235],"maps":[8,38,236],"from":[9],"low-resolution":[10],"inputs.":[12,72,96],"These":[13],"inputs":[14,59,238],"must":[15],"be":[16,83],"of":[17,49,112,127,217,243],"high":[18,88],"quality":[19,48,89,120],"and":[20,135,161,198,232],"are":[21,60,66,102,224],"often":[22],"obtained":[23],"via":[24],"complicated":[25],"passive":[26],"or":[27],"active":[28],"3-D":[29],"reconstruction":[30],"methods.":[31,150,249],"Each":[32],"pixel":[33],"in":[34,43,104,203],"the":[35,40,44,50,56,63,70,94,109,128,174,182,195,200,204,215,229,241],"input":[36],"guides":[39],"assignment":[42,111],"process.":[46,206],"The":[47,164,207],"upsampled":[51,64,90],"results":[52,65,91],"will":[53],"decreases":[54],"if":[55],"initial":[57,71],"noisy,":[61],"as":[62,237],"closely":[67],"related":[68],"We":[73],"herein":[74],"propose":[75],"a":[76,124,137],"hierarchical":[77,152],"confidence-based":[78,157,159,162],"framework":[80,245],"that":[81],"can":[82],"used":[84],"obtain":[86],"relatively":[87],"even":[92],"under":[93],"noisy":[95],"Specifically":[97],"designed":[98],"confidence":[99,129,138,148,219],"measuring":[100],"schemes":[101],"employed":[103],"our":[105,218,244],"process,":[107],"allowing":[108],"only":[113],"high-confidence":[114,201],"pixels.":[115],"For":[116],"an":[117],"effective":[118],"depth":[119,147],"evaluation,":[121],"we":[122],"present":[123],"novel":[125],"classification":[126],"according":[130],"depth-and":[132],"texture-related":[133],"information":[134],"develop":[136],"examination":[139],"method":[140],"with":[141],"improved":[142],"precision":[143],"by":[144],"combining":[145],"multiple":[146],"evaluation":[149],"Our":[151],"pipeline":[153],"contains":[154],"three":[155],"steps:":[156],"upsampling,":[158],"fine-tuning,":[160],"optimization.":[163],"combines":[166],"multichannel":[167],"information.":[168,177],"Fine-tuning":[169],"is":[170,179,211],"carried":[171],"out":[172],"using":[173,227],"stereo":[175,233],"texture":[176],"Optimization":[178],"conducted":[180],"utilizing":[181],"Markov":[183],"random":[184],"field":[185],"method.":[186],"All":[187],"these":[188],"proposed":[189],"methods":[190],"work":[191],"together":[192],"suppress":[194],"low-confidence":[196],"pixels":[197,202],"propagate":[199],"cumulative":[208],"error":[209],"distribution":[210],"further":[212],"analyzed,":[213],"revealing":[214],"effectiveness":[216],"evaluation.":[220],"Extensive":[221],"comparison":[222],"experiments":[223],"also":[225],"performed":[226],"both":[228],"ground":[230],"truth":[231],"matching":[234],"demonstrate":[240],"advantage":[242],"over":[246],"state-of-the-art":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
